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. 2016 Jan 29;14:30. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0788-x

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Origin of CAFs. CAFs can derive from a variety of cells, including normal fibroblasts (NFs), bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), endothelial cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), epithelial cells, pericytes and adipocytes. Previerous studies showed their nature to transform to CAF phenotype. TGF-β and microRNAs were reported as the drivers of this transformation