Table 1.

Regulatory mechanisms of cytoprotective enzymes.

Regulator	Cell type/experimental model	Tested function/findings	References
Nrf2	L929 fibroblast, mutant Nrf2 expression	Mutant Nrf2 decreased HO-1	[13]
	Rat NQO-1 gene, promoter assay	Nrf2 regulated NQO-1	[14]
	Human GCS gene, promoter assay	Nrf2 regulated GCS	[15]
	Nrf2 knockout mice	Nrf2 KO decreased NQO-1 and GCS	[16]
FOXO	Breast cancer cells	FOXO3 regulates MnSOD	[49]
	Primary mammalian neurons	MST-FOXO axis controls oxidative-stress response	[50]
	C. elegans and mice gene	pp66shc controls oxidative-stress response via FOXO3 (FKHRL1)	[51]
	Mutant mice	Insulin/IGF-1-FOXO pathway relates oxidative-stress Response	[52]
	Mammalian cells	Mammalian SIRT1 deacetylates FOXO3 and/or FOXO4	[53]
	Mammalian cells	FOXO3 directly increase MnSOD	[54]
	Mouse NIH3T3 cells	ROS-Ral-JNK axis mediates FOXO4-dependent MnSOD upregulation	[55]
SIRT
	Human HEK293 cells	SIRT3 deacetylates and activates MnSOD	[60]
	Mammalian cells	SIRT3 activates MnSOD	[61]
	Renal tubular cells	SIRT1 activates catalase via FOXO3	[62]
	Mammalian cells	SIRT1 activates MnSOD via FOXO4	[64]