Table 7.
The performance comparisons with some proven reference sensors.
| Developer | Approach & Measurement Principle | Size (mm) | No. of Axes | Sensitivity | Maximum Relative Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuysuz, Altintas, Feng [9] | Indirect & prediction model | n.a. | 5 | n.a. | 8.5% |
| Rao, Gao, Friedrich [13] | Direct & Piezoelectric | Integrated into system | 1 | 7 mV/gm | 9.8% |
| Kim, Kim [15] | Direct & strain gauge and piezo-film accelerometer | 40 × 70 × 26 | 2 | 3 mV·N−1 | n.a. |
| Yaldız, Ünsaçar [23] | Direct & strain gauge and piezoelectric accelerometer | 100 × 100 × 50 | 3 | 0.1 mV·N−1 | <5% |
| Liu, Zhou, Tao, Tan [24] | Direct & strain gauge and fiber Bragg grating sensor | n.a. | 3 | n.a. | 6.23% |
| Our approach | Direct & strain gauge | Φ 80 × 42 | 6 | 0.0134 V·N−1 and 0.345 V (Nm)−1 | <5% |