Table 2.

Comparison of LSSVM, PSO-LSSVM, GA-LSSVM, FOA-LSSVM and IFOA-LSSVM models.

Model	Optimal Parameters		CER	RMSE	MAE	MRE (%)	TIC
	C*	δ*
LSSVM	10	2	0.1096	0.2609	0.1401	6.17	0.0544
PSO-LSSVM	32.5671	3.8547	0.08108	0.1304	0.0815	4.11	0.0238
GA-LSSVM	15.1136	1.2256	0.06915	0.1107	0.0831	3.71	0.0289
FOA-LSSVM	19.3742	0.2827	0.05011	0.0694	0.0645	2.88	0.0112
IFOA-LSSVM	28.3846	0.0513	0.03015	0.0611	0.0524	2.66	0.0089