Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data.
| Controls |
‘Low to mild’ VM impairments |
‘Moderate to severe’ VM impairments |
p-value |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 23) |
(N = 23) |
(N = 27) |
||||||||
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | ||
| Age | 33.26 | 8.17 | 22:50 | 34.57 | 8.7 | 24:50 | 35.85 | 8.66 | 21:50 | 0.49 |
| IQ | 112.50 | 14.21 | 80:133 | 99.43 | 12.53 | 75:116 | 90.19 | 12.80 | 70:120 | < 0.001 |
| ISLT | ||||||||||
| Learning recall | 27.27 | 3.13 | 20:31 | 24.67 | 2.96 | 21:33 | 16.75 | 4.02 | 7:24 | |
| Delayed recall | 9.14 | 2.03 | 5:12 | 9.00 | 1.55 | 6:11 | 4.61 | 2.00 | 1:8 | |
| z-scores | 0.00 | 0.92 | − 1.93:1.14 | − 0.47 | 0.75 | − 1.30:1.37 | − 2.85 | 1.00 | − 5.24 :− 1.44 | < 0.001 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.16 | ||||||
| Male | 15 | 65 | 13 | 57 | 22 | 81 | |
| Female | 8 | 35 | 10 | 43 | 5 | 19 | |
| Parental socioeconomic status | 0.15 | ||||||
| Lower | 1 | 4 | 4 | 20 | 3 | 14 | |
| Lower-middle | 6 | 26 | 5 | 25 | 4 | 19 | |
| Middle | 8 | 35 | 8 | 40 | 12 | 57 | |
| Upper-middle | 4 | 17 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 | |
| Upper | 4 | 17 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
| Handeness category | 0.28 | ||||||
| Right | 15 | 65 | 14 | 61 | 11 | 40 | |
| Moderately right | 3 | 13 | 4 | 17 | 8 | 30 | |
| Ambidextrous | 2 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 11 | |
| Moderately left | 2 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 15 | |
| Left | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | |
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SANS (without attention total) | 19.13 | 8.7 | 4:34 | 25.52 | 9.93 | 6:51 | 0.03 |
| SAPS | 17.13 | 18.05 | 0:60 | 20.15 | 15.85 | 1:53 | 0.63 |
| Age of onset | 21.74 | 4.56 | 15:33 | 24.22 | 7.69 | 14:43 | 0.19 |
| Duration of illness | 12.83 | 7.41 | 4:28 | 11.63 | 7.61 | 3:33 | 0.48 |
| Medication (mg chlorpromazine) | 632.63 | 472.13 | 45:1774 | 480.83 | 456.32 | 11:2179 | 0.26 |
Note: VM = verbal memory, ISLT = International Shopping List Task, SANS = Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, SAPS = Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Post-hoc Bonferroni correction (with a criteria of p < .05) was applied for IQ (each group differed from each other) and ISLT (a significant difference existed between the patient subgroups). Due to incomplete records, 3 patients with ‘low to mild’ VM impairments and 6 with ‘moderate to severe’ VM impairments having missing datapoints for parental socioeconomic status.