FIGURE 1.

AA promotes C2C12 cell proliferation. a, C2C12 cells were treated with 5 mm AA, 3HB, or acetone for 24 h, and cell proliferation was measured by FACS analysis. b, proliferation of C2C12 cells treated with increasing amounts of AA, recombinant IGF1, or PBS for 24 h was analyzed by FACS and [³H]thymidine incorporation assay. c, proliferation of C2C12 cells treated with PBS or 5 mm AA for different times (24, 36, and 48 h) was analyzed by FACS and [³H]thymidine incorporation assay. d, proliferation of C2C12 cells stimulated by combined treatment with 5 mm AA and IGF1 (or myostatin) was assessed by FACS. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments. Data are presented as means ± S.E. (error bars; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001).