TABLE 3.
Association Between ACEs and Teacher-Reported Academic Outcomes
| Outcome | No. of ACE Exposures | Sample Sizea | Prevalence, % | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teacher rating of academic skills | |||||
| Below average language and literacy skills | 0 | 449 | 20.9 | Referent | Referent |
| 1 | 273 | 28.2 | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | |
| 2 | 157 | 31.9 | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 1.5 (0.99–2.4) | |
| ≥ 3 | 123 | 35.8 | 2.1 (1.4–3.2) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | |
| Total | 1002 | 26.5 | — | — | |
| Below average science and social studies skills | 0 | 446 | 13.9 | Referent | Referent |
| 1 | 273 | 20.9 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | |
| 2 | 156 | 19.9 | 1.5 (0.95–2.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | |
| ≥ 3 | 123 | 22.8 | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | |
| Total | 998 | 17.8 | — | — | |
| Below average mathematical skills | 0 | 448 | 19.6 | Referent | Referent |
| 1 | 271 | 28.0 | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.4 (0.97–2.0) | |
| 2 | 155 | 27.8 | 1.6 (1.03–2.4) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | |
| ≥ 3 | 121 | 34.7 | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | |
| Total | 995 | 25.0 | — | — |
a
Sample sizes not equal because of missing data.
b
Adjusted for child age, gender, race, ethnicity, and income, as well as maternal education and parent relationship status at birth of child.