Table 1. Human AKRs and activity toward naphthalene metabolites.
| Human AKR | Tissue distribution/expression | Activity toward naphthalene metabolites | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxidation of Diol to Quinone (nmol/min/mg) | Reduction of Quinone to Diol (nmol/min/mg) | Reference | ||
| AKR1A1 | Kidney > liver > salivary gland > trachea > stomach > duodenum > fetal lung > prostate > placenta > mammary gland > lung > A549 cells | No study identified | 6,300 | O’Connor et al. 1999 |
| ND | Shultz et al. 2011 | |||
| AKR1C1 | Liver, small intestine, lung, mammary gland, and prostate | 203 | Palackal et al. 2002 | |
| < 5 | O’Connor et al. 1999 | |||
| ND | Shultz et al. 2011 | |||
| AKR1C2 | Liver, small intestine, lung, mammary gland, and prostate | 15 | Palackal et al. 2002 | |
| 80 | Shultz et al. 2011 | |||
| AKR1C3 | Liver, small intestine, lung, mammary gland, and prostate | 8.5 | Palackal et al. 2002 | |
| 400 | Shultz et al. 2011 | |||
| AKR1C4 | Liver, lung | 40 | Palackal et al. 2002 | |
| < 5 | O’Connor et al. 1999 | |||
| ND | Shultz et al. 2011 | |||
ND = evaluated but not detected.