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. 2015 Oct 29;46(2):153–190. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1090948

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Mean (±SEM) number of errors per trial on Biel water maze (8 unit T-test) in F1 male offspring (10/sex) on PND 22 (top) and PND 62 (bottom), following developmental exposures to acetamiprid. Both males and females were tested for 7 d with four swim trials on a straight channel on the first day (no effect; data not shown); 2 trials/day on Path A for 2 d (A1–A4), 2 trials/d on path B (reverse of path A; B5–B10) for 3 d; and two trials on path A (A11–A12) on the last day (probe test). A different set of animals was tested on PND 22 and PND 62. The number of errors (deviation from correct channel with all four paws) and the time required for the animal to escape (data not shown) were recorded. EPA (2008) identified possible trend in errors only in high-dose males at PND 22, but also noted there were no effects on latency. There was no statistical significance at either age when males and females were analyzed separately (ANOVA and Dunnett’s for each trial; α = 0.05). When males and females were combined (n = 20 litters/dose group) and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with trials as the repeated measures, there was a significant effect of trials (p < 0.018 or p < 0.001) but no significant dose effects or dose interactions with sex or trial for each age (α = 0.05).