A: CCBs fail to alter membrane fluidity in FC/DMPC membrane vesicles. B: AML, but not felodipine, diltiazem, or verapamil, reduced membrane width. *P < 0.05, AML treated vs. control. n = 3. C: AML treatment reduced membrane width by 5.6% and phosphorus head group separation by 4.9% in native membranes isolated from SMCs freshly harvested from an atherosclerotic aorta. All CCBs were used at a concentration of 0.1 µM. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA (A and B).