CCR2 is upregulated in the MNNG transformed GES-1 cell line. (A) Representative images of the GES-1 and MC cells (magnification, ×100; scale bar, 100 µm). (B) Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression of CCR2 in the GES-1 and MC cells. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of CCR2 was performed to assess the expression of CCR2 in the cells (magnification, ×200; scale bar, 50 µm). (D) A Transwell assay was performed to determine the migration ability of the MC cells. The MC cells were seeded onto the top of upper chamber and the number of cells that migrated through the uncoated filter in response to CCL2 in the lower chamber was quantified (magnification, ×100; scale bar, 100 µm; *P<0.05). (E) A cell colony formation assay of the MC cells cultured alone or in the presence of CCL2 was performed (*P<0.05). Ctrl, GES-1 cells; MC, MC cells; CCR2, CC chemokine ligand 2.