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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Biol. 2015 Jul 29;22(1):58–69. doi: 10.1111/adb.12288

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Treatment with orexin of isolated thalamic neurons significantly stimulates gene expression of substance P (Experiment 5). Treatment of cultured primary thalamic neurons with orexin-A (OX-A; 50, 100 nM) or orexin-B (OX-B; 50, 100 nM) compared to no-treatment control significantly increases gene expression of substance P, as assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 60 minutes after application (N = 10 litters, n = 4-5 litters/treatment). Data are mean ± S.E.M.; **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, #p = 0.06 vs. control.