Table 3. Comparisons of adjusted KABC-II scores among the three TCDD exposure groups.
| TCDD groups | Low | Moderate | High | Comparison | ANOVA | Effect size | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Gender | Scales | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | High-Low | P-val | |
| All age | Boys | Number of subjects | 85 | 11 | 7 | ||||||
| NVI | 91.8 | 1.6 | 83.8 | 4.5 | 77.0 | 6.2 | * | 0.034 | 0.076 | ||
| Seq/Gsm | 102.7 | 1.8 | 109.0 | 5.1 | 103.1 | 7.0 | 0.515 | 0.014 | |||
| Sim/Gv | 96.4 | 2.2 | 84.6 | 6.3 | 86.6 | 8.6 | 0.163 | 0.037 | |||
| Girls | Number of subjects | 57 | 10 | 11 | |||||||
| NVI | 94.7 | 2.1 | 94.7 | 5.1 | 98.1 | 5.0 | 0.818 | 0.006 | |||
| Seq/Gsm | 109.5 | 2.2 | 106.2 | 5.3 | 105.6 | 5.2 | 0.739 | 0.008 | |||
| Sim/Gv | 94.0 | 2.4 | 92.6 | 5.7 | 99.2 | 5.6 | 0.647 | 0.008 | |||
| 5-year-olds | Boys | Number of subjects | 74 | 10 | 6 | ||||||
| NVI | 89.7 | 1.6 | 81.4 | 4.4 | 74.0 | 6.4 | * | 0.024 | 0.093 | ||
| Seq/Gsm | 102.5 | 1.9 | 107.6 | 5.2 | 101.5 | 7.3 | 0.634 | 0.010 | |||
| Sim/Gv | 94.9 | 2.3 | 92.1 | 6.4 | 85.8 | 9.0 | 0.151 | 0.043 | |||
| Girls | Number of subjects | 47 | 10 | 11 | |||||||
| NVI | 94.3 | 2.4 | 93.5 | 5.3 | 96.7 | 5.2 | 0.892 | 0.004 | |||
| Seq/Gsm | 108.9 | 2.6 | 107.3 | 5.7 | 108.5 | 5.4 | 0.969 | 0.003 | |||
| Sim/Gv | 92.1 | 2.7 | 93.3 | 6.0 | 101.0 | 5.7 | 0.392 | 0.018 | |||
High TCDD group: TCDD ≥ 3.5 pg/g lipid, Moderate TCDD group: 2.5–3.5, Low TCDD group: < 2.5,
SE: standard error, N: number of subjects, NVI: Non Verbal Index,
Seq/Gsm: Sequence/General ability of short term memory, Sim/Gv: Simultaneous/General ability of visual processing
ANOVA P-value: compared by General Linear Model after adjustment for month-age, gestational age, birth weight of infant, maternal age, family income, parents' education years.
*: P<0.05: compared with low TCDD group