Table 1.

Classification of drinking motives according to the kind of reinforcement (positive or negative) and source (internal or external).

	Positive	Negative
Internal	Enhancement motives, e.g. “because it's fun”	Coping motives, e.g.“to forget about your problems”
External	Social motives, e.g.“because it helps you enjoy a party”	Conformity motives, e.g. “so you won’t feel left out”