Table 3.

Changes from baseline in self-reported occupational sitting and physical activity, and objective productivity indicators, at 1, 4, and 19 weeks after installation of sit-stand desks (intervention), as well as the difference between intervention and control (no sit-stand desk), in the Opt to Stand Study, Sydney, Australia.

Outcome (per workday)	Weeks post-intervention	Control		Intervention		Difference
Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value
Percent time sitting at work	1	2 (− 9, 13)	0.696	− 11 (− 23, 1)	0.087	− 13 (− 29, 3)	0.127
4	− 0 (− 14, 14)	0.974	− 15 (− 28, − 2)	0.025	− 15 (− 34, 4)	0.128
19	4 (− 9, 16)	0.563	− 10 (− 24, 4)	0.182	− 13 (− 32, 5)	0.168
Percent time standing at work	1	− 1 (− 10, 9)	0.889	15 (5, 25)	0.005	16 (2, 29)	0.030
4	1 (− 11, 13)	0.876	20 (9, 30)	0.001	19 (3, 34)	0.026
19	− 2 (− 12, 9)	0.775	13 (1, 24)	0.041	14 (− 1, 30)	0.084
Percent time walking at work	1	− 2 (− 6, 2)	0.389	− 2 (− 7, 2)	0.332	− 0 (− 7, 6)	0.890
4	− 3 (− 8, 3)	0.349	− 3 (− 8, 2)	0.189	− 1 (− 8, 7)	0.848
19	− 2 (− 6, 3)	0.517	− 4 (− 9, 2)	0.182	− 2 (− 9, 5)	0.554
Percent time heavy labor at work	1	0 (− 3, 4)	0.788	− 2 (− 6, 1)	0.210	− 3 (− 8, 2)	0.267
4	2 (− 3, 6)	0.495	− 2 (− 6, 3)	0.463	− 3 (− 9, 3)	0.320
19	− 0 (− 4, 4)	0.857	2 (− 2, 7)	0.315	3 (− 3, 9)	0.373
Sitting at work (min)	1	− 19 (− 75, 37)	0.503	− 64 (− 125, − 2)	0.049	− 44 (− 127, 39)	0.302
4	− 30 (− 102, 42)	0.421	− 76 (− 142, − 11)	0.027	− 47 (− 144, 51)	0.354
19	− 18 (− 81, 44)	0.568	− 100 (− 172, − 29)	0.009	− 82 (− 177, 13)	0.100
Standing at work (min)	1	− 5 (− 53, 42)	0.825	73 (22, 123)	0.008	78 (9, 147)	0.034
4	1 (− 57, 60)	0.972	96 (41, 150)	0.001	95 (15, 174)	0.025
19	− 12 (− 65, 41)	0.651	51 (− 8, 110)	0.098	64 (− 16, 143)	0.125
Walking at work (min)	1	− 14 (− 36, 8)	0.211	− 14 (− 38, 10)	0.253	− 0 (− 32, 32)	0.997
4	− 19 (− 47, 9)	0.189	− 17 (− 43, 8)	0.187	2 (− 36, 39)	0.927
19	− 13 (− 37, 11)	0.287	− 21 (− 49, 7)	0.144	− 8 (− 44, 29)	0.679
Heavy labor at work (min)	1	2 (− 16, 20)	0.812	− 13 (− 33, 7)	0.209	− 15 (− 42, 12)	0.275
4	7 (− 17, 30)	0.585	− 6 (− 27, 15)	0.598	− 12 (− 44, 19)	0.449
19	− 3 (− 24, 17)	0.749	11 (− 14, 35)	0.396	14 (− 18, 46)	0.391
Talk time on call (min)	1	0.1 (− 0.7, 0.9)	0.815	− 0.5 (− 1.3, 0.3)	0.225	− 0.6 (− 1.7, 0.5)	0.309
4	0.2 (− 0.6, 1.0)	0.646	− 0.2 (− 1.0, 0.6)	0.606	− 0.4 (− 1.5, 0.7)	0.491
19	− 0.4 (− 1.2, 0.4)	0.324	− 0.4 (− 1.2, 0.5)	0.413	0.0 (− 1.1, 1.2)	0.934
Hold time on call (min)	1	− 0.1 (− 0.4, 0.2)	0.432	− 0.1 (− 0.4, 0.2)	0.493	0.0 (− 0.4, 0.5)	0.934
4	− 0.3 (− 0.6, 0.0)	0.067	− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.1)	0.227	0.1 (− 0.4, 0.5)	0.679
19	− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.1)	0.196	− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.1)	0.204	− 0.0 (− 0.5, 0.4)	0.968
Wrap up time on call (min)	1	0.0 (− 0.8, 0.8)	0.942	0.2 (− 0.6, 1.0)	0.574	0.2 (− 0.9, 1.3)	0.732
4	0.6 (− 0.2, 1.4)	0.148	0.7 (− 0.1, 1.5)	0.091	0.1 (− 1.0, 1.3)	0.826
19	0.7 (− 0.1, 1.5)	0.101	− 0.1 (− 0.9, 0.7)	0.801	− 0.8 (− 1.9, 0.4)	0.189
Average handling time (min)	1	0.1 (− 1.3, 1.4)	0.938	− 0.3 (− 1.7, 1.0)	0.622	− 0.4 (− 2.3, 1.5)	0.688
4	0.6 (− 0.8, 1.9)	0.426	0.4 (− 1.0, 1.8)	0.619	− 0.2 (− 2.1, 1.8)	0.846
19	0.4 (− 1.0, 1.7)	0.578	0.0 (− 1.4, 1.4)	0.986	− 0.4 (− 2.3, 1.6)	0.712
Attendance (days)	1	0.2 (− 0.6, 1.1)	0.585	0.3 (− 0.4, 1.1)	0.407	0.1 (− 1.0, 1.2)	0.889
4	0.5 (− 0.3, 1.3)	0.241	0.4 (− 0.3, 1.2)	0.272	− 0.1 (− 1.2, 1.0)	0.890
19	0.5 (− 0.3, 1.3)	0.241	0.6 (− 0.2, 1.3)	0.167	0.0 (− 1.1, 1.2)	0.938
Sick leave (days)	1	− 0.2 (− 0.9, 0.6)	0.654	0.2 (− 0.4, 0.9)	0.499	0.4 (− 0.6, 1.4)	0.436
4	− 0.4 (− 1.2, 0.3)	0.247	− 0.1 (− 0.8, 0.5)	0.666	0.3 (− 0.7, 1.3)	0.558
19	− 0.7 (− 1.5, 0.0)	0.064	− 0.2 (− 0.9, 0.5)	0.535	0.5 (− 0.5, 1.5)	0.334
Customer rating (%)	1	− 25 (− 54, 4)	0.098	− 9 (− 40, 22)	0.571	16 (− 27, 58)	0.470
4	− 21 (− 50, 7)	0.152	12 (− 21, 44)	0.480	33 (− 10, 76)	0.140
19	− 10 (− 40, 19)	0.492	4 (− 29, 36)	0.833	14 (− 30, 58)	0.538

Bold values denote p < 0.05