Figure 4. Flu immunization–induced changes in cellular proliferation to exogenously added complex antigens.

Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood samples collected before (D0) and 7 days (D7) after vaccination with Afluria 2013 vaccine were stained with CellTraceViolet vital fluorescent dye before addition of complex antigens (brain homogenate [BH], cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], and Afluria 2013 vaccine [Flu]) in the presence of autologous serum (and therefore with in vivo–achievable concentrations of DAC-HYP in treated patients). Proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, and NK cells was measured 9 days later by quantifying proportion of cells that diluted CellTraceViolet and is expressed as stimulation index (ratio of proliferation measures in wells with exogenously added Ag as compared to control wells where no exogenous Ag was added). Results are depicted for daclizumab-treated patients (left column) and controls (right column). The vertical box plots show the median and 25%–75% range, while the whiskers reflect minimum and maximum values for each diagnostic group. The scatter dot plots correspond to individual patient's data. *p < 0.05, **0.001 < p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. Ag = antigen; DAC = daclizumab; DAC-HYP = daclizumab high-yield process; NK = natural killer.