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. 2015 Dec 30;103(2):341–347. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123281

TABLE 3.

Crossover analyses of the effects of diet on BP, lipids, and lipoproteins1

Group
 P
HF-DASH DASH Control Treatment Carry-forward Period Sequence
Systolic BP, mm Hg 125.0 ± 0.8a 125.4 ± 0.8a 128.8 ± 0.8b 0.0001 0.0001 0.004 0.91
Diastolic BP, mm Hg 79.0 ± 0.5a 78.3 ± 0.5a 81.2 ± 0.5b 0.0001 0.0001 0.09 0.63
Triglycerides, mmol/L 1.15 ± 0.04a 1.32 ± 0.04b 1.20 ± 0.04a,b 0.03 0.99 0.18 0.25
Total cholesterol, mmol/L 4.53 ± 0.06a 4.51 ± 0.06a 4.76 ± 0.06b 0.02 0.65 0.11 0.86
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L 2.65 ± 0.05a,b 2.60 ± 0.05a 2.81 ± 0.05b 0.04 0.29 0.09 0.79
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L 1.36 ± 0.02a,b 1.32 ± 0.02a 1.40 ± 0.02b 0.03 0.29 0.14 0.47
Non–HDL cholesterol, mmol/L 3.16 ± 0.06 3.19 ± 0.06 3.36 ± 0.06 0.10 0.32 0.12 0.44
apo A-I, g/L 1.35 ± 0.01a,b 1.32 ± 0.01a 1.38 ± 0.01b 0.02 0.17 0.63 0.42
apoB, g/L 0.76 ± 0.01 0.76 ± 0.01 0.80 ± 0.01 0.22 0.28 0.02 0.43
LDL peak diameter, nm 22.3 ± 0.0a 22.1 ± 0.0b 22.2 ± 0.0a 0.004 0.81 0.42 0.23
Lipoprotein particle concentrations, nmol/L
 VLDL
  Total 97.8 ± 2.5 105.0 ± 2.5 104.4 ± 2.5 0.15 0.85 0.35 0.71
  Large 12.9 ± 0.4a 14.8 ± 0.4b 14.0 ± 0.4a,b 0.02 0.97 0.25 0.45
  Medium 39.2 ± 1.1a 43.2 ± 1.1b 42.2 ± 1.1a,b 0.04 0.84 0.37 0.61
  Small 45.8 ± 1.2 47.0 ± 1.2 48.2 ± 1.2 0.39 0.64 0.51 0.90
 IDL 243 ± 5a,b 237 ± 5a 259 ± 5b 0.02 0.51 0.85 0.94
 LDL
  Total 702 ± 14 716 ± 14 744 ± 14 0.44 0.10 0.06 0.46
  Large 433 ± 11a,b 414 ± 11a 468 ± 11b 0.004 0.10 0.16 0.92
  Medium 119 ± 4 123 ± 4 130 ± 4 0.78 0.01 0.003 0.42
  Small 101 ± 4 106 ± 4 104 ± 4 0.77 0.69 0.34 0.17
  Very small 185 ± 5 201 ± 5 185 ± 5 0.12 0.72 0.61 0.36
 HDL
  Total 15,191 ± 184 15,066 ± 183 15,467 ± 183 0.32 0.94 0.67 0.80
  Large 3960 ± 70 3893 ± 70 4038 ± 69 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.77
  Small 11,231 ± 130 11,173 ± 130 11,429 ± 129 0.45 0.60 0.27 0.75
1

Values are means ± SEs; n = 36. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for a 3-treatment crossover design. Values in the same row not sharing a superscript letter differ from each other, P < 0.017 (Bonferroni adjustment for 3 pairwise comparisons). apo A-I, apolipoprotein A-I; apoB, apolipoprotein B; BP, blood pressure; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet; HF-DASH, high-fat, low-carbohydrate DASH diet; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein.