Table 3.
Group demographics
| Danger | Non-Danger | Combat control | Civilian control | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N or Mean | N or Mean | N or Mean | N or Mean | |
| N | 19 | 26 | 26 | 24 |
| Age | 37 ± 8 | 31 ± 7 | 36 ± 9 | 34 ± 11 |
| Handedness (right:left:ambidextrous) | 19:0:1 | 26:0:0 | 24:1:1 | |
| Number of comorbidities per participant | 3.1 ± 2 | 3.4 ± 2 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0 |
| Agoraphobia | 14 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| Major depressive disorder | 14 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
| Panic disorder | 13 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| Alcohol dependence | 7 | 8 | 5 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Bipolar disorder | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Other substance dependence (lifetime, not current) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Social phobia | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain disorder | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Specific phobia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Delusional disorder | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eating disorder | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antidepressants | 12 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Anxiolytics | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Antipsychotics | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Anticonvulsantsb | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sympatholytics | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Opioids | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| Benzodiazepine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sedatives | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 |
| Stimulants | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| BDI-IIa | 28 ± 12 | 26.3 ± 12 | 2.3 ± 4 | 1.6 ± 2 |
| BAIa | 23 ± 12 | 25 ± 14 | 1.8 ± 2 | 1.9 ± 2 |
| PCL-Sa | 54 ± 17 | 56 ± 11 | 20.2 ± 4 | 19.5 ± 4 |
aP < 0.05, PTSD > Controls.
bThe anticonvulsant/neurepileptic medications Topiramate and Gabapentin were prescribed for treatment of headaches in all cases.