Table 5.
Characteristic | 1999 na | 2010 n | Snack foods
|
Sugary drinks
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999a | 2010 | P valueb | 1999a | 2010 | P valueb | |||
Total sample | 2,598 | 2,540 | 2.6 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 1.2 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||||||
Boys | 1,181 | 1,175 | 2.6 | 2.1 | <0.001 | 1.2 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
Girls | 1,348 | 1,365 | 2.7 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 1.2 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
School levelc | ||||||||
Middle school | 1,148 | 1,136 | 2.9 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 1.2 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
High school | 1,335 | 1,404 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.01 | 1.3 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
Ethnicity/raced | ||||||||
White | 540 | 499 | 2.3 | 1.7 | <0.001 | 1.2 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
Black | 638 | 706 | 3.6 | 2.9 | <0.001 | 1.6 | 1.0 | <0.001 |
Hispanic | 414 | 435 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.002 | 1.3 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
Asian | 546 | 520 | 2.1 | 1.5 | <0.001 | 0.8 | 0.5 | <0.001 |
Native American | 98 | 92 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.19 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.23 |
Mixed/other | 293 | 288 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.41 | 1.3 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
Socioeconomic statuse | ||||||||
Low | 936 | 973 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 0.08 | 1.2 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
Low-middle | 560 | 556 | 2.7 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
Middle | 436 | 430 | 2.8 | 2.0 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
High-middle | 335 | 320 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.008 | 1.1 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
High | 199 | 193 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.001 | 1.0 | 0.5 | <0.001 |
The 1999 sample was weighted to allow for an examination of secular trends in snack patterns independent of demographic shifts in the population. For example, estimates of daily snack food and sugary drink consumption within the low socioeconomic status group in 1999 and 2010 are mutually controlled so that sex, school level, and ethnicity/race makeup are the same in the low socioeconomic status group in the 1999 sample as in the 2010 sample.
P values represent testing to examine weighted mean differences in daily servings of common snack foods and sugary drinks consumed between 1999 and 2010.
Middle school represents students enrolled in 6th–8th grades and high school represents students enrolled in 9th–12th grades.
Adolescents could choose more than one ethnic/racial category; those responses indicating multiple categories were coded as mixed/other. Because there were few participants who identified themselves as Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders these participants were also included in the mixed/other category.
The prime determinant of socioeconomic status was the higher education level of either parent with adjustments made for student eligibility for free/reduced-price school meals, family public assistance receipt, and parent employment status.