Table 5.
Well-established, important risk factors for portal hypertensive gastropathy
| Parameters | Ref. |
| Portal hypertension | |
| Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension | [8,14] |
| Cirrhotic portal hypertension | [8,9,34] |
| Cirrhosis | |
| Longer duration of cirrhosis | [34,71] |
| Greater severity of cirrhosis | [55,67] |
| Greater size of esophageal varices | [34,62] |
| Eradication of esophageal varices | |
| Endoscopic therapies | |
| Endoscopic variceal ligation | [11,41] |
| Endoscopic sclerotherapy | [11,83] |
| Angiographic | |
| Percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization | [85] |