Table 2.

Population characteristics among Health Service Areas that adopted robotic prostatectomy according to level of managed care penetration

Health Service Area	Managed care penetration		P Value
	Low	High
No. Health Service Areas	33	34	--
No. patients treated with any prostatectomy	3,626	6,559	--
Patient characteristics
Mean patient age, years	69.8	69.6	<0.01
Well/moderately differentiated tumor grade, %	50	42	<0.01
Tumor stage ≤ T2, %	85	83	<0.01
Charlson Score 2 or higher, %	9	6	<0.01
Market characteristics
Non-white population, %	13	15	<0.01
Population density, (people per square mile)	324	1,641	<0.01
At least a college education, %	18	25	<0.01
Median income, $	35,430	48,979	<0.01
English as a secondary language, %	1	2	<0.01