Table 2.
Characteristics of Published Epidemiologic Studies of Uterine Leiomyomata
| Study type | Name of study (or first author) | Location | Enrollment date |
End of follow-up |
Age at enrollment |
Basis of case ascertainment |
Cases | Person-years (p- y) or controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort | Walnut Creek Contraceptive Study | U.S. | 1968–1972 | 1977 | 18–54 | Hospital discharge | unknown | 107,165a |
| Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) II | U.S. | 1989 | 2003f | 25–42 | Self-reportb | 9,847 | 1,163,439 p-y | |
| OC Study of the Royal College of General Practitioners | U.K. | 1968–1969 | 1971 (?) | 15–45 | Physician report | 168 | 87,000 p-ya | |
| Oxford Family Planning Association study | U.K. | 1968–1974 | 1985 | 29–35 | Path report | 538 | 198,653 p-y | |
| Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS) | U.S | 1997 | 2009f | 23–50 | Self-reportb | 6,627 | 185,013 p-y | |
| DES Collaborative Follow-up Study | U.S. | 1994 | 1997 | 18–61 | Path report | 85 | 112,229 p-y | |
| California Teachers’ Study (CTS) | U.S. | 1995–1996 | 2006 | 22–90 | Hospital discharge | 1,790 | 795,882 p-y | |
| Seveso Women’s Health Study | Italy | 1996–1998 | 2007f | 20–60 | Ultrasound | 96 | 539 | |
| Right From the Start | U.S. | 2001–2007 | 2001–2008 | ≥18 | Ultrasound | 458 | 3,813 | |
| NIEHS Fibroid Growth Study (FGS) | U.S. | 2001 | 2004 | 24–54 | MRI | 72 | 72c | |
| Study of Environment Lifestyle and Fibroids (SELF) | U.S. | 2012 | 2017 | 23–34 | U/S | ~330 | ~6,500 | |
| Case-Control | Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound Study | U.S. | 1985–1987 | — | 40–64 | Path report | 345 | 749 |
| Parazini et al. | Italy | 1986–1993 | — | ≤58 | Path report | 843d | 1,557 | |
| Lumbiganon et al. | Thailand | 1991–1993 | — | ≤60 | Path report | 901 | 2,709 | |
| Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study et al. | U.S. | 1980–1982 | — | 20–54 | Self-reporte | 201 | 1,503 | |
| Chen et al. | U.S. | 1978–1987 | — | 17–44 | Self-report or lap | 317 | 2,854 | |
| Baltimore Women’s Health Study | U.S. | 1990–1993 | — | 18–55 | U/S or path report | 318 | 394 | |
| Uterine Leiomyomata Epidemiology Project (TULEP) | U.S. | 1995–1998 | — | 25–59 | U/S or surgery | 647 | 637 | |
| Cross-sectional | NIEHS Uterine Fibroid Study (UFS) | U.S. | 1996–1999 | — | 35–49 | U/S | 816 | 373 |
| Italian Menopause Study | Italy | 1997–2003 | — | ? | Pelvic exam or U/S | 2,239 | 85,967 | |
| NIEHS Sister Study | U.S. | 2004–2007 | — | 35–59 | Self-reporte | 1,526 | 18,446 | |
| National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | U.S. | 1971–1975 | 2004f | 25–49 | Hospital discharge | unknown | Unknown |
MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, U/S = ultrasound, path = pathology, lap = laparoscopy.
Estimated from information provided in published manuscript(s).
Self-reported diagnosis by ultrasound or surgery. In a random sample of cases, self-reports were confirmed by medical record (NHS II: 93%; BWHS 96%).
Serial MRIs were measured on same tumors at regular intervals in time, with cases serving as their own controls.
The numbers of cases and controls interviewed through 1993. Earlier reports were based on smaller numbers of cases and controls.
The self-report of uterine leiomyomata diagnosis was not validated.
Study is ongoing. End of observation reflects year of last follow-up from most recent publication.