Sessile organisms (embedded in biofilm) challenged against test solutions. (a) Bacillus cereus, (b) Escherichia coli, (c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (d) Staphylococcus aureus, (e) Staphylococcus epidermidis. Parabens, heparin/parabens combination; benzyl, heparin/benzyl combination; cfu, colonu-forming unit. Points on the graph indicate the number of organisms that survived after the indicated exposure time to each test solution.