Table 4.
Energy and nutrient intakes distribution of Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester (n = 160)
| Energy and nutrients | DRIs | Intake percentiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAR* | RNI†/AI‡ | UL§ | 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | |
| Energy (kcal) | – | – | – | 1213.1 | 1505.1 | 1946 | 2418.7 | 3137.6 |
| Fat (g) | – | – | – | 39.6 | 52.2 | 76.3 | 109.0 | 137.3 |
| Protein (g) | 60 | – | – | 39.3 | 50.2 | 69.8 | 99.4 | 141.3 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 130 | – | – | 133.1 | 183.1 | 241.8 | 312.5 | 416.3 |
| Fat (%TE)** | – | – | – | 20.9 | 28.6 | 36.4 | 44.8 | 53.6 |
| Protein (%TE)** | – | – | – | 10.7 | 12.4 | 14.2 | 17.9 | 22.2 |
| Carbohydrate (%TE)** | – | – | – | 33.2 | 41.5 | 50.9 | 59.6 | 69.3 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | – | 25 | – | 6.6 | 8.2 | 13.2 | 19.7 | 27.3 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | – | – | – | 82.2 | 192.6 | 438.9 | 709.5 | 1201.7 |
| Vitamin A (μg, RAE||)¶ | 530 | 770 | 3000 | 127.5 | 197.1 | 343.3 | 589.9 | 1024.7 |
| Retinal (μg)¶ | – | – | 3000 | 26.5 | 87.5 | 199.5 | 363.0 | 745.0 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.1 | 1.4 | – | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.1 | 1.4 | – | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.8 |
| Niacin (mg NE) | 10.0 | 12.0 | 35 | 7.3 | 10.7 | 15.5 | 22.0 | 32.8 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.9 | 2.2 | 60 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| Biotin (µg) | – | 40 | – | 22.0 | 28.0 | 40.2 | 58.8 | 92.2 |
| Folic acid (µg DFE) | 520 | 600 | 1000 | 94.3 | 147.5 | 264.1 | 490.1 | 713.1 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 95 | 115 | 2000 | 23.8 | 64.9 | 111.7 | 187.7 | 262.3 |
| Vitamin E (mg ɑ-TE) | – | 14 | 700 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 19.6 | 27.3 |
| Ca (mg) | 810 | 1000 | 2000 | 236.9 | 392.4 | 659.3 | 1007.3 | 1314.2 |
| P (mg) | 600 | 720 | 3500 | 578.2 | 809.3 | 1086.2 | 1447.2 | 2027.0 |
| K (mg) | – | 2000 | – | 1110.1 | 1567.6 | 2263.3 | 3209.6 | 3774.2 |
| Na (mg) | – | 1500 | – | 984.1 | 2729.3 | 3888.1 | 5005.4 | 7056.6 |
| Mg (mg) | 310 | 370 | – | 141.8 | 209.5 | 305.5 | 399.2 | 602.2 |
| Fe (mg) | 19.0 | 24.0 | 40 | 11.9 | 15.7 | 21.7 | 32.2 | 50.0 |
| Zn (mg) | 7.7 | 9.5 | 40 | 5.8 | 8.2 | 11.6 | 15.9 | 21.3 |
| Se (μg) | 54 | 65 | 400 | 24.6 | 32.7 | 48.1 | 70.9 | 102.0 |
| Cu (mg) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 4.7 |
| Mn (mg) | – | 4.9 | 11 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.5 |
*EAR: Estimated average requirement; †RNI: Recommended nutrient intake; ‡AI: Adequate intake; §UL: Upper intake level. ||RAE: Retinol activity equivalents. ¶The UL for Vitamin A is based on preformed Vitamin A (retinol). Assessment of the proportion of the population with intakes above the UL is based on intakes of preformed Vitamin A rather than total RAEs. **%TE: Percentage of total energy; DRIs: Dietary reference intakes; ɑ-TE: Alpha-tocopherol equivalents.