Table 5.
Energy and nutrient intakes distribution of Chinese pregnant women in the third trimester (n = 161)
| Energy and nutrients | DRIs | Intake percentiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAR* | RNI†/AI‡ | UL§ | 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | |
| Energy (kcal) | – | – | – | 1306.0 | 1564.2 | 2043.8 | 2564.6 | 3520.6 |
| Fat (g) | – | – | – | 43.8 | 54.0 | 80.8 | 107.7 | 134.3 |
| Protein (g) | 75 | – | – | 37.5 | 49.5 | 72.7 | 105.2 | 142.6 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 130 | – | – | 142.5 | 195.1 | 266.9 | 341.6 | 481.1 |
| Fat (%TE)** | – | – | – | 22.4 | 27.7 | 35.1 | 43.3 | 50.3 |
| Protein (%TE)** | – | – | – | 10.3 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 17.0 | 20.7 |
| Carbohydrate (%TE)** | – | – | – | 37.8 | 44.8 | 51.6 | 61.2 | 67.2 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | – | 25 | – | 5.2 | 8.2 | 13.6 | 19.8 | 27.6 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | – | – | – | 60.9 | 159.4 | 399.9 | 707.3 | 1028.2 |
| Vitamin A (μg, RAE||)¶ | 530 | 770 | 3000 | 90.2 | 203.7 | 353.6 | 625.6 | 973.5 |
| Retinal (μg)¶ | – | – | 3000 | 26.3 | 79.0 | 201.9 | 362.4 | 577.8 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.2 | 1.5 | – | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.2 | 1.5 | – | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| Niacin (mg NE) | 10 | 12 | 35 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 14.8 | 21.6 | 33.8 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.9 | 2.2 | 60 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 |
| Biotin (µg) | – | 40 | – | 18.2 | 28.2 | 39.5 | 60.8 | 104.6 |
| Folic acid (µg DFE) | 520 | 600 | 1000 | 91.9 | 143.2 | 269.3 | 431.5 | 670.1 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 95 | 115 | 2000 | 30.7 | 64.3 | 111.6 | 178 | 256.9 |
| Vitamin E (mg ɑ-TE) | – | 14 | 700 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 11.2 | 15.7 | 24.7 |
| Ca (mg) | 810 | 1000 | 2000 | 233.6 | 417.7 | 710.5 | 1008.8 | 1319.6 |
| P (mg) | 600 | 720 | 3500 | 582.2 | 858.0 | 1105.9 | 1572.1 | 2080.9 |
| K (mg) | – | 2000 | – | 1133.0 | 1506.0 | 2312.4 | 3268.1 | 4081 |
| Na (mg) | – | 1500 | – | 918.5 | 2544.8 | 3707.4 | 4748.9 | 6392.5 |
| Mg (mg) | 310 | 370 | – | 166.0 | 227.8 | 322.7 | 445.1 | 586.8 |
| Fe (mg) | 22 | 29 | 40 | 11.8 | 16.1 | 21.6 | 33.7 | 53.7 |
| Zn (mg) | 7.7 | 9.5 | 40 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 11.6 | 16 | 24.4 |
| Se (μg) | 54 | 65 | 400 | 20.0 | 30.5 | 51.0 | 66.3 | 97.5 |
| Cu (mg) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 8 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 4.4 |
| Mn (mg) | – | 4.9 | 11 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 10.9 |
*EAR: Estimated average requirement; †RNI: Recommended nutrient intake; ‡AI: Adequate intake; §UL: Upper intake level. ||RAE: Retinol activity equivalents; ¶The UL for Vitamin A is based on preformed Vitamin A (retinol). Assessment of the proportion of the population with intakes above the UL is based on intakes of preformed Vitamin A rather than total RAEs. **%TE: Percentage of total energy; DRIs: Dietary reference intakes.