Table 2.
Method of Cell Transplantation Improvement
| Critical Step | Intervention | Effect | References |
| Vasoconstriction | Vasodilators (nitroglycerin, phentolamine) | Increased deposition of transplanted cells into the sinusoid and restoration of microcirculation | (77) |
| Inflammation | Inhibitor of coagulation | Effect on the innate immunity | (27) |
| Celecoxib and naproxen | Interference in cyclooxygenase pathway, stimulation stellate cells | (17) | |
| Kupffer cells | Gadolinum chloride | Depletion of Kupffer cells | (36) |
| Irradiation | Inhibition of the phagocytic function of Kupffer cells | (100) | |
| Disruption of sinusoids | Irradiation | Induce apoptosis of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells | (100) |
| Cyclophosphamide | Improve disruption of the sinusoid and cells engraftment by accelerating entry and integration into the parenchyma | (48) | |
| Monocrotaline | Improve disruption of the sinusoid | (35) | |
| Integration into the endothelium | Integrin extracellular matrix (collagen, fibronectin-like polymer) | Better adherence of transplanted cells, acceleration of liver repopulation | (45) |
| Irradiation | Inhibition of the proliferation of native hepatocytes | (42) | |
| Retrorsine | Blockage of hepatocyte proliferation | (34) | |
| Stimulus of regeneration | Coculture with hepatic -stellate cells | Production of HGF and extracellular matrix | (60,97) |
| Portal vein embolization | Stimulation of the regenerative response and improvement of celltransplantation | (10) |
HGF, hepatocyte growth factor.