Table III.

Expression of TGFβ1, Smads and VEGF were influenced by MSC injection in mouse models.

Variable	MSC, mean ± SD	No MSC, mean ± SD	Fold change	P-value
TGFβ1 mRNA	1.27±0.61	0.59±0.39	+2.15	0.033
Smad2 mRNA	1.01±0.14	1.25±0.38	−1.25	0.114
Smad7 mRNA	0.76±0.29	1.41±0.50	−1.86	0.006
TGFβ1 protein	0.02±0.01	0.03±0.01	−1.50	0.267
VEGF protein	0.29±0.05	0.31±0.13	−1.07	0.631
Microvessel density	28.00±9.19	18.11±3.30	+1.55	0.006

Student's t test was used to assess the statistical significance of differences between the MSC injection group and no MSC injection group. SD, standard deviation; TGF, transforming growth factor; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ‘+’ denotes a fold increase, ‘-’ denotes a fold decrease.