Item	Sentence conditions	Cloze values (0–1)					Prerated truth-value
		True-positive	False-positive	True-negative	False-negative	Median split	True-positive	False-positive	True-negative	False-negative
Note. The negative quantifiers consisted predominantly of quantifiers that license negative polarity items such as “ever” or “hardly,” with the exception of a small number of the items (e.g., “a minority of,” “a small number of,” 9 out of the final set of 124 sentences). Frequency count of used positive quantifier expressions: A large majority of (1), A large number of (7), a lot of (2), all (1), almost all (16), lots of (29), many (11), most (23), mostly all (1), nearly all (14), practically all (14), the majority of (1), very many (4). Frequency count of used negative quantifier expressions: A minority of (1), a small minority of (1), a small number of (7), a very few (2), almost no (14), few (36), hardly any (15), no (1), practically no (15), rather few (14), very few (18). The median split column lists each item based on the average cloze value of positive and negative quantifier sentences, which corresponds to the item split shown in in Figure 1. HC = high cloze; LC = low cloze.
1	Practically all/Practically no postmen prefer delivering mail when the weather is good/bad during the day.	0.27	0	0.4	0	HC	4.5	1.15	4.38	1.85
2	Nearly all/Rather few doctors treat cancer with medicines that are strong/weak as a preference.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	4.08	1.69	3.58	1.62
3	Lots of/Hardly any recipes that are used for children’s cooking classes are simple/difficult in the kitchen.	0.47	0	0.53	0	HC	4.5	1.54	4.15	1.85
4	Many/Few archaeologists find artefacts that are completely damaged/intact in the desert.	0.07	0.13	0.33	0	LC	3.69	1.69	4.23	2.58
5	Most/Few farmers grow crops that are harvested in the summer/winter in Great Britain.	0.4	0.07	0.87	0.07	HC	3.75	1.62	3.85	2.31
6	Practically all/Practically no lions are very happy living in the wild/zoo all their life.	0.73	0	0.47	0	HC	3.85	2	4	1.33
7	Nearly all/Rather few artists think that the economic crisis will cause their income to decrease/increase in this year.	0.6	0	0.47	0.27	HC	3.77	2.17	3.77	2.23
8	Lots of/Hardly any historians study articles that they believe to be fascinating/fake for their work.	0.07	0	0.2	0	LC	4.38	1.85	3.92	1.92
9	Lots of/Very few novels by aspiring authors become an instant flop/classic in this market.	0.07	0.07	0.07	0	LC	3.31	2.15	4.17	2.23
10	Most/Few cats during the winter like to sleep in spots that are warm/cold in the daytime.	0.8	0	0.73	0	HC	4.31	1.46	4.54	1.5
11	Almost all/Almost no caretakers clean floors at times when the place is quiet/busy after working hours.	0.2	0	0.53	0	HC	4.31	1.85	4	1.62
12	Many/Few lawyers in the UK think that reinstating the death penalty is negative/positive for modern society.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	4	1.62	3.69	2.46
13	Lots of/Hardly any hunters go on hunting trips when the hunting season has begun/finished for some time.	0.47	0.07	0.47	0	HC	4.5	1.69	4.38	1.77
14	Lots of/Very few cinemas show movies using projectors that are working/broken during the daytime.	0.07	0	0.27	0	LC	4.69	1.92	4.69	1.23
15	Many/Few butchers in the UK slaughter cows in a way that is humane/cruel according to research.	0.4	0	0.27	0.07	HC	3.92	1.77	4.38	2.42
16	A large number of/A small number of burglars break into homes when the owners are gone/home during the evening.	0.07	0.07	0.13	0.07	LC	4.62	2	4.17	1.85
17	Nearly all/Practically no professors teach their regular classes during term-time/holidays as a rule.	0.07	0	0.2	0	LC	4.54	1.67	4.31	1.31
18	Lots of/Hardly any golfers play on the golf course when the weather is sunny/wet over the summer.	0.27	0	0.2	0	LC	4.46	2	4.08	1.67
19	Most/Few tourists visit museums on days when the weather is rainy/sunny on their holiday.	0.07	0	0.33	0.13	LC	4	2.54	4	2.42
20	Almost all/Almost no watchmen like working in neighbourhoods that are safe/dangerous during their shifts.	0.4	0	0.27	0	HC	3.92	2.46	3.58	2.31
21	Nearly all/Rather few shoppers like to buy groceries at stores that seem cheap/expensive when budgets tighten.	0.2	0	0.47	0	HC	4.15	2.08	3.92	1.92
22	Lots of/Hardly any speakers address audiences successfully by talking very clearly/quietly to the room.	0.33	0.07	0.6	0	HC	4.25	1.23	4	1.77
23	Lots of/Very few invaders treat local populations in a way that is cruel/kind as they pillage.	0.27	0	0.4	0	HC	3.62	1.83	4.08	2.62
24	Many/Few gardeners plant their flowers during the spring/winter for best results.	0.6	0	0.73	0	HC	3.77	1.77	4.08	2.67
25	Most/Few architects nowadays design buildings that are efficient/wasteful to save money.	0	0	0	0	LC	4.17	1.92	3.77	2.15
26	Almost all/Almost no negotiators settle disputes faster by behaving politely/aggressively towards both parties.	0.2	0	0.27	0	LC	3.92	2	3.69	2.23
27	Practically all/Practically no witnesses describe robbers as being very hostile/kind in police statements.	0	0	0.13	0	LC	3.46	1.46	4.38	1.5
28	A large number of/A small number of couriers deliver packages and goods on Monday/Sunday in the UK.	0	0	0	0.07	LC	3.62	1.38	4.08	2
29	Nearly all/Rather few brokers sell stocks that are likely to turn a profit/loss for their business.	0.67	0.07	0.33	0.47	HC	4	2.08	3.69	1.85
30	Lots of/Hardly any mechanics fix cars when they are parked in the garage/street during the day.	0.8	0	0.4	0.13	HC	3.69	2.23	3.85	2.08
31	Lots of/Very few joggers like running on a ground that is flat/wet for safety reasons.	0.2	0	0.27	0.07	LC	4.15	1.92	3.83	2
32	Many/Few housewives wash clothes with water that is clean/dirty for optimum results.	0.27	0.07	0.47	0	HC	4.33	1.62	4.54	1.77
33	Almost all/Almost no investors loan money to businesses they think are trustable/hopeless and expect profit.	0.07	0	0.07	0	LC	4.38	1.15	4.5	2.15
34	Practically all/Practically no undertakers arrange funerals with music that is really sombre/cheery for the mourners.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	4	1.46	3.92	1.54
35	A large number of/A small number of actors perform plays for which buying tickets is required/free at the booth.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	3.92	2.08	3.77	1.92
36	Many/Few adolescents play games on computers that involve cars/cooking after school finishes.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	4.15	2	4	2.15
37	Lots of/Hardly any cowboys are found riding their horses in the desert/city during the day.	0.33	0	0.27	0.07	LC	3.42	1.38	4.15	2.23
38	A lot of/A very few barbers create hairstyles that will make their customer look good/bad when they leave.	0.07	0	0.07	0.07	LC	4.46	2.17	4.23	2.15
39	Many/Few bartenders find it easy to hear orders when the bar is quiet/busy during the day.	0.53	0	0.33	0	HC	4.23	2.15	4.54	1.83
40	Almost all/Almost no warehouses store clothes in packaging that is clean/dirty to avoid stains.	0.13	0	0.27	0	LC	3.92	1.92	4	1.54
41	Practically all/Practically no coaches encourage athletes to follow a diet that is healthy/unhealthy for best performance.	0.87	0	0.87	0	HC	4.77	1.62	4.62	1.42
42	A large number of/A small number of plumbers are fixing people’s taps when the parts are old/new in the kitchen.	0.07	0	0.07	0	LC	4.15	1.92	3.75	2.54
43	Lots of/Hardly any nurses talk to worried parents in a manner that is calming/rude during difficult times.	0.2	0	0.13	0	LC	4.69	1.85	4.38	1.5
44	Lots of/Very few caterers prepare food that is completely cooked/inedible for dinner parties.	0.27	0	0.27	0.13	LC	4.31	1.38	4.33	1.69
45	Many/Few weathermen encourage people to go to the beach when the temperature rises/drops during the year.	0.53	0	0.27	0.07	HC	4.42	1.62	4.23	1.85
46	Most/Few knights would feel safe wearing armour that was thick/thin during a battle.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	3.92	1.54	4.23	1.75
47	Practically all/Practically no freighters are allowed to travel if the cargo is safe/illegal when crossing borders.	0.27	0	0.33	0	LC	4	1.46	4	1.77
48	Nearly all/Rather few policemen say that trying to calm rioting crowds is difficult/easy during a demonstration.	0.47	0	0.53	0.07	HC	4.46	1.23	4.25	1.62
49	Lots of/Hardly any actresses are happy with paparazzi photographs that make them look good/bad in the magazines.	0.27	0	0.2	0	LC	4.42	1.23	4.08	1.69
50	Lots of/Very few adults who are obese wish their weight to decrease/increase for health reasons.	0.4	0	0.67	0	HC	4.46	1.58	4.38	1.46
51	Many/Few teachers would reprimand a student for being silly/clever in the classroom.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	4.15	1.77	4.46	2.17
52	Almost all/Almost no scientists conduct research that they think is relevant/pointless to their field.	0.13	0	0.27	0	LC	4.54	1.5	4.38	1.54
53	A large number of/A small number of examiners give their pupils marks that are fair/unfair when grading papers.	0.2	0.13	0.4	0.07	HC	4.23	1.92	4	1.92
54	Almost all/Rather few supervisors disapprove of employees that turn up early/late for a shift.	0.93	0	0.87	0	HC	4.38	1.33	4.31	2.08
55	Lots of/Very few parents would allow their children to play outside if traffic were quiet/busy on their street.	0.27	0	0.47	0	HC	4.31	1.38	4.33	2.31
56	Most/Few businessmen invest all their money in businesses that are reliable/failing to maximise returns.	0.13	0	0.2	0	LC	4.15	1.69	4.15	2.33
57	Practically all/Practically no athletes compete dressed in shoes that are enduring/damaged to avoid injury.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	4	1.15	4.23	1.85
58	A large number of/A small number of farms in the UK harvest their crops by machine/hand when they’re ready.	0.4	0.07	0.67	0.07	HC	4.46	2.08	4.08	2
59	Nearly all/Rather few countries erect statues for people whose reputation was respectable/poor after their deaths.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	3.92	1.46	3.83	2.31
60	A lot of/A very few farmers prepare to milk cattle when the udders are full/empty in the morning.	0.53	0	0.33	0	HC	4.08	1.42	4.38	1.46
61	Most/Few newlyweds would say that their wedding day was a success/disaster after the event.	0.33	0.2	0.27	0.2	HC	4.17	1.31	4	2.08
62	Practically all/Practically no attorneys wear a suit when they are working from their office/home during the week.	0.73	0.13	0.53	0	HC	4.15	2	4	1.83
63	Most/Few engineers become successful by designing devices that work well/badly for the user.	0.47	0	0.53	0.07	HC	4.23	1.15	4.42	2
64	Lots of/Hardly any retirees report that their health is starting to decline/improve as they age.	0.33	0.13	0.33	0.13	HC	4.08	2.77	3.77	2.08
65	Most/Few matadors are chased by a bull when the red flag is moving/still in the air.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	3.69	2.69	3.31	2.25
66	Almost all/Almost no Eskimos catch fish in places where it is officially possible/banned according to law.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	3.46	2.15	3.17	2.54
67	Practically all/Practically no astronomers go star-gazing when the sky is clear/cloudy late at night.	0.73	0.07	0.73	0	HC	4.25	1.15	3.85	1.62
68	Nearly all/Rather few employees come into the office during the morning/weekend to start work.	0.2	0	0.27	0	LC	4.38	1.62	4.17	2
69	Lots of/Hardly any secretaries invite friends to dine at their home/work at the weekends.	0.13	0	0.13	0.27	LC	3.42	1.85	3.46	2
70	Lots of/Very few surgeons perform operations when their instruments are clean/dirty to avoid infection.	0.67	0.07	0.47	0	HC	4.46	1.75	4.31	1.46
71	Practically all/Practically no sailors prefer to sail when the sea is calm/rough during the day.	0.87	0.07	0.53	0	HC	3.77	1.62	4.54	1.75
72	Nearly all/Rather few songwriters become famous by writing songs that are really catchy/boring to the audience.	0.47	0	0.13	0.07	HC	4	1.67	4	1.77
73	Most/Few therapists are trained to use counselling techniques that are helpful/harmful for the patients.	0.2	0	0.13	0	LC	4.38	1.54	4.46	1.67
74	Almost all/Almost no lifeguards at the beaches swim exceptionally well/badly in open water.	1	0	0.53	0.33	HC	4.62	1.15	4.25	1.31
75	Practically all/Practically no dentists pull out teeth that are clearly rotten/healthy during routine examinations.	0.67	0	0.6	0	HC	4.33	1.15	4.08	1.15
76	A large number of/A small number of salesmen in stores sell designer items that are overpriced/fake to make profit.	0.2	0.07	0.2	0	LC	3.85	1.92	3.46	2.92
77	Nearly all/Rather few aquariums have shark-handling sessions that are safe/dangerous for their visitors.	0.2	0.13	0.47	0	HC	3.77	1.69	4	2
78	Lots of/Very few tenants think that the rent they pay is too high/low for the flat.	0.73	0	0.87	0.13	HC	4.08	1.75	3.77	1.92
79	Most/Few parents let their children play outside when it’s sunny/dark in the streets.	0.47	0	0.8	0	HC	4.58	1.38	4.23	1.54
80	Almost all/Almost no people go sales shopping to find something cheap/expensive on Boxing Day.	0.4	0	0.6	0	HC	4.38	1.62	4.38	2
81	Lots of/Very few students find theoretical maths problems very difficult/easy to work out.	0.53	0	0.6	0.13	HC	4.08	1.92	3.62	1.69
82	Lots of/Rather few accidents in traffic result from young men driving too fast/slowly on the road.	0.67	0.07	0.33	0.13	HC	4.23	1.69	4	2
83	Very many/Very few people think that giving roses on Valentine’s day is typical/original as a surprise.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	3.92	1.38	4.38	1.54
84	Lots of/Very few people enjoy walking somewhere that is peaceful/crowded to help relax.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	4.08	2.08	3.62	2
85	Almost all/Very few people drive their car when they are completely sober/drunk to avoid accidents.	0.73	0	0.53	0	HC	4.77	1.54	4.42	1.08
86	Lots of/Very few people light a wood fire when the weather is cold/hot throughout the year.	0.8	0	0.2	0	HC	3.83	1.46	4	2.31
87	Most/Few students of quantum physics are known for being diligent/lazy by their professors.	0	0	0	0	LC	3.92	1.77	3.83	2.85
88	Lots of/Hardly any people are happy to eat chicken that is cooked/raw for their dinner.	0.33	0	0.4	0	HC	4.42	1.23	4.54	1.85
89	Almost all/Very few plays during the Edinburgh festival are pretty fascinating/rubbish for their audiences.	0.07	0	0.07	0	LC	3.38	2.33	3.69	2
90	A large majority of/A small minority of children in the UK prefer food that is unhealthy/healthy at each mealtime.	0.47	0	0.53	0.07	HC	4.08	2.38	3.92	2.08
91	Most/Few countries in the third world have governments that are unreliable/stable by Western standards.	0.07	0	0.2	0	LC	4.17	1.46	3.92	1.85
92	Nearly all/Rather few Picassos on the black market for art are fake/real according to experts.	0.67	0	0.33	0.07	HC	3.77	1.92	4.23	2
93	Most/Few people would be happy to overnight become wealthy/poor by today’s standards.	0.13	0	0.13	0.07	LC	4.69	1.85	4.54	1.42
94	Most/Few people would be happy if their architect and builder were reliable/frauds working without accreditation.	0.07	0	0.07	0	LC	4.46	1.42	4.38	1.38
95	Mostly all/Hardly any people consider Neanderthals to be truly primitive/civilised by modern standards.	0	0	0	0	LC	3.92	2.85	4.17	2.46
96	All/No parents wish their own children to be polite/rude to other people.	0	0	0.07	0	LC	4.17	1.15	4.08	1.54
97	Almost all/Almost no people believe that Harry Potter is imaginary/real except young children.	0.13	0.07	0.93	0	HC	4.08	1.42	4.38	2.23
98	Lots of/Few people prefer to shop when the shops are empty/busy in the evenings.	0.33	0	0.4	0	HC	4.33	1.92	3.92	2.31
99	Lots of/Few people injure themselves by diving into water that is shallow/deep at the beach.	0.87	0	0.8	0	HC	3.92	2.08	3.54	1.54
100	Very many/Very few children love food that is really unhealthy/healthy to parents’ frustration.	0.2	0	0.6	0	HC	4	2.54	3.69	2
101	Almost all/Almost no collectors of antiques look for something unique/common when attending auctions.	0.33	0	0.27	0	HC	4.5	1.54	4.08	1.38
102	Many/Few girls like to date men who are relatively handsome/ugly compared to most.	0.13	0	0.13	0	LC	4.46	1.92	4.23	1.58
103	Most/Few people feel safe at home when the door is locked/open late at night.	0.93	0	0.47	0	HC	4.15	2.33	3.92	1.62
104	Lots of/Hardly any industries who dispose of waste illegally are caught eventually/immediately by the authorities.	0.13	0.07	0.2	0	LC	3.85	2.38	4	2.38
105	Very many/Almost no people think that unemployment will begin to increase/decrease in coming years.	0.13	0.2	0.27	0.07	LC	3.54	2.77	3.23	2.17
106	Very many/Very few people find the idea of health care for all to be sensible/bad for today’s society.	0	0	0.13	0	LC	4	1.62	3.62	1.92
107	Nearly all/Rather few aeroplanes take off and land on runways/water in the UK.	0.33	0	0.67	0	HC	4.69	2	4.38	1.31
108	Many/Few politicians answer sensitive questions in a manner that is misleading/direct according to voters.	0.13	0	0.2	0	LC	3.62	2.08	3.62	1.85
109	Almost all/Almost no adults find that teenage boys are very moody/mature especially at home.	0.07	0	0.13	0	LC	4	1.69	3.58	1.92
110	Most/Few gamblers who play roulette in casinos will eventually lose/win given the odds.	0.67	0.07	0.73	0.13	HC	4.42	2.38	3.92	2.15
111	Most/Few people admire those performers who are very good/bad at their craft.	0.13	0	0.2	0	LC	4.23	1.62	4.08	1.83
112	Lots of/Very few people with mental health problems find getting a job difficult/easy because of prejudice.	0.53	0.13	0.73	0.13	HC	4.62	1.62	4.42	2.23
113	The majority of/A minority of Brits believe that men and women should be treated equally/differently in today’s society.	0.87	0	0.27	0.47	HC	4.38	1.92	4.08	1.54
114	Nearly all/Hardly any parents find the first weeks of child-rearing difficult/easy to cope with.	0.53	0.07	0.8	0	HC	4.08	1.42	4.23	1.46
115	Practically all/Practically no people find badly burnt food to be disgusting/tasty to swallow down.	0.27	0	0.4	0	HC	3.67	1.62	4.38	1.77
116	Most/Few people find tying their shoelaces to be easy/difficult beyond age seven.	0.47	0.07	0.67	0.2	HC	4.15	2.25	4.08	1.38
117	Most/Few students of English literature find poetry to be meaningful/meaningless as a pastime.	0.07	0	0	0	LC	4.08	2.23	3.62	2
118	Nearly all/Rather few people who star in staged reality television shows are stupid/smart according to viewers.	0.13	0	0.2	0	LC	3.54	2	3.83	2.31
119	Most/Few toddlers who have just woken up are grumpy/happy towards their parents.	0.2	0.07	0.27	0	LC	3.62	2.42	3.77	2
120	Practically all/Practically no Rolexes that are sold on the street are fake/real in these times.	0.73	0	0.53	0	HC	4.46	1.69	4.54	1.75
121	Almost all/Almost no candidates for important job interviews feel uncomfortable/comfortable in that situation.	0	0	0	0	LC	4.15	1.77	4.38	2.33
122	Practically all/Practically no people who bungee-jump for the first time feel scared/relaxed right before jumping.	0.27	0	0.27	0	LC	4	1.92	4	1.31
123	Most/Few nurses who care for the elderly are female/male in British hospitals.	0	0	0.07	0	LC	3.69	2	3.54	1.85
124	Most/Few people who get a filling prefer to be asleep/awake during the procedure.	0.2	0	0.2	0.2	LC	3.46	2.69	3.46	2.58