Table I.
Serum levels of IGF-1 and VEGF according to clinical characteristics of 128 patients with HCC undergoing TACE.
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) |
VEGF (pg/ml) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | No. of patients (%) | Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value |
| Age, years | 0.385 | 0.077 | |||
| <60 | 73 (57.0) | 61.3±33.8 | 269.5±77.8 | ||
| ≥60 | 55 (43.0) | 56.4±37.4 | 281.6±99.4 | ||
| Gender | 0.276 | 0.316 | |||
| Female | 32 (25.0) | 62.1±38.1 | 267.4±79.8 | ||
| Male | 96 (75.0) | 55.2±43.1 | 279.3±83.2 | ||
| Hepatitis infection status | 0.044 | 0.059 | |||
| HBV | 97 (75.8) | 56.7±36.2 | 289.7±103.6 | ||
| HCV | 14 (10.9) | 58.4±39.4 | 278.1±85.4 | ||
| HBV and HCV | 6 (4.7) | 50.1±22.8 | 290.2±97.2 | ||
| None | 11 (8.6) | 63.0±27.5 | 265.4±81.1 | ||
| Clinical cirrhosis | 0.093 | 0.184 | |||
| Present | 79 (61.7) | 54.8±36.5 | 284.6±88.9 | ||
| Absent | 49 (38.3) | 60.2±39.7 | 270.3±81.2 | ||
| Child-Pugh class | 0.003 | 0.023 | |||
| A | 88 (68.7) | 63.4±41.2 | 264.3±77.2 | ||
| B | 40 (31.3) | 54.9±33.8 | 289.5±83.5 | ||
| Bilirubin level, µmol/l | 0.032 | 0.458 | |||
| ≤34 | 92 (71.9) | 64.1±38.6 | 271.6±73.4 | ||
| >34 | 36 (28.1) | 55.3±29.1 | 280.3±79.8 | ||
| Serum AFP level, ng/ml | 0.087 | 0.376 | |||
| <200 | 97 (75.8) | 60.4±37.8 | 268.2±75.6 | ||
| ≥200 | 31 (24.2) | 56.2±33.6 | 284.1±80.3 | ||
| Tumor size, cm | 0.005 | 0.009 | |||
| <5 cm | 86 (67.2) | 61.5±40.7 | 265.7±75.3 | ||
| ≥5 cm | 42 (32.8) | 52.9±30.6 | 288.3±82.1 | ||
| Tumor nodularity | 0.025 | 0.784 | |||
| Uninodular | 90 (70.3) | 60.3±38.9 | 275.1±76.2 | ||
| Multinodular | 38 (29.7) | 54.8±33.7 | 277.5±74.9 | ||
| Vascular invasion | 0.017 | 0.459 | |||
| No | 104 (81.2) | 61.7±36.4 | 271.7±71.2 | ||
| Yes | 24 (18.8) | 53.5±30.8 | 279.0±78.5 | ||
| Lymph node involvement | 0.064 | 0.036 | |||
| No | 99 (77.3) | 60.3±39.1 | 273.3±72.5 | ||
| Yes | 29 (22.7) | 55.8±34.3 | 289.1±82.1 | ||
| BCLC stage | 0.011 | 0.034 | |||
| 0 | 7 (5.5) | 61.8±22.6 | 267.1±66.1 | ||
| A | 23 (18.0) | 59.4±32.7 | 277.5±76.4 | ||
| B | 67 (52.3) | 52.7±35.4 | 287.3±81.5 | ||
| C | 31 (24.2) | 53.3±31.2 | 292.7±79.6 | ||
AFP, α-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; SD, standard deviation; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.