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(a) Representative skin sections stained with β-catenin, pAkt, and α-SMA. Arrows indicate fibroblasts with up-regulated β-catenin or pAkt. Zoomed areas are marked with asterisks. Bars, 20 μm; epidermal side of each sample was on the right. (b) Average optic density (AOD) values of β-catenin and pAkt staining from the dermal layer between epidermis and muscle. *P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test.
