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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2016 Feb;89(2):303–316. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.019

Figure 3. TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β expression by qRT-PCR.

Figure 3

Tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interlukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in graft veins and control veins at 3 and 7 days after arteriovenous fistula placement in mice with established chronic kidney disease. There is a significant increase in the mean TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β expression at 3 days in graft veins when compared with control veins (P < 0.05). Each bar shows the mean ± SEM of 3 samples per group. Two-way analysis of variance with Student t test with post hoc Bonferroni correction was performed. *P < 0.05.