Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016 Feb;23(1):57–65. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000213

Fig. 1. (Original) Puberty-associated loci with sex-specific effects.

Fig. 1

Genome-wide association studies have resulted in over 100 genome-wide significant loci for the pubertal traits of age at menarche, the timing of the pubertal growth spurt, and Tanner puberty staging. Body mass is a related trait that shares a genetic component with puberty. For AAM, 106 autosomal loci (2), 2 X-chromosome loci, and 5 low-frequency loci (4) are currently identified. There are 5 known loci which are significantly associated with the pubertal growth spurt and pubertal timing (24), and an additional 2 significant loci for Tanner staging (26). Gene names are shown for loci at which sex-specific effects have been seen. For example, variants near LIN28B have been associated with age at menarche (2,3), the timing of the pubertal growth spurt and postnatal growth (24,25), and Tanner stage (26), with stronger associations seen in girls. Additionally, these LIN28B variants were also associated with body mass traits in adult women but not adult men (27,28). Other pubertal loci at which sex-specific effects have been seen include GNA12 and VGLL3 (24), CABLES1 (29), and MKL3, MTCH2, MC4R, FANCL, and TMEM18 (26).