Table 3. Odds ratios for hand washing with soap and water treatment and indicators of water quality in an intervention study of Vibrio cholerae, Dhaka, Bangladesh, June 2013–November 2014.
| Outcome | No. complying/no. persons (%) |
Odds ratio* (95% CI) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control arm | Intervention arm | |||
| Hand washing with soap events at key times during 5-h structured observation | 50/629 (8) | 418/759 (55) | 14.68 (8.32–25.90) | <0.0001 |
| Hand washing with soap events after toileting during 5-h structured observation | 23/123 (19) | 144/197 (73) | 12.14 (5.68–25.93) | <0.0001 |
| Household visits with soap in latrine area, visits 2–5† | 50/332 (15) | 326/327 (99.7) | 1,842.36 (241.53–145,054.53) | <0.0001 |
| Household visits with soap in kitchen area, visits 2–5† | 43/332 (13) | 317/327 (97) | 213.64 (62.59–729.24) | <0.0001 |
| Households visits with detectable free chlorine >0.2 mg/L in household stored drinking water, visits 2–5‡ | 1/332 (<1) | 308/327 (94) | 4,878.62 (799.30–4.503 × 1015) | <0.0001 |
| Household visit with stored water with detectable V. cholerae, visits 2–5 | 5/83 (6) | 0/82 (0) | 0.00 (0–1.08)§ | 0.06¶ |
| Household visit with source water with detectable V. cholerae, visits 2–5 | 15/83 (18) | 22/82 (27) | 1.66 (0.79–3.49) | 0.18 |
*Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations. †Soap present within 10 steps of the latrine or cooking area at household visits during the intervention period. ‡Cutoff recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA). §To calculate exact 95% CIs, an algorithm was used to invert test statistics. ¶Fisher exact test.