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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Toxicol. 2015 Nov 13;89(12):2197–2205. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1633-3

Figure 4.

Figure 4

cisplaitn treatment induce DNA damage, the damaged DNA is recognized by ATR and MMR. ATR activates p53, MMR activates c-Abl. P53 and c-Abl eventually mediate apoptosis through many pathways.