Table 1.
Baseline comparisons between chronic stroke patients and HCs
| Patients (n=8)
|
Controls (n=16)
|
P-value | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex, female, n (%) | 5 (63%) | 7 (44%) | 0.67 | 0.17 |
| Age (years) | 73.2 (4.3) | 68.8 (5.3) | 0.06 | 0.16 |
| Education (years) | 12.7 (4.1) | 16.0 (3.3) | 0.048** | 0.17 |
| WMH grade (Fazekas scale) 2/3, n (%) | 3 (37.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.055 | 0.16 |
| Mobility | ||||
| Mobility (Demmi) | 75.38 (12.09) | 100 (0.00) | 0.00** | 0.76 |
| Mobility (Tinetti) | 23.88 (3.87) | 28.00 (0.00) | 0.00** | 0.46 |
| Speed (m/3 min) | 193.25 (49.77) | 233.70 (29.73) | 0.02** | 0.22 |
| Cognition | ||||
| Memory (WMS-LM) | 24.88 (4.50) | 25.94 (9.75) | 0.78 | 0.00 |
| Processing speed (SDMT) | 29.12 (6.94) | 44.75 (10.08) | 0.00** | 0.41 |
| Overall cognition (MoCa) | 26.50 (1.69) | 27.56 (1.79) | 0.18 | 0.08 |
| Attention (TMT-A) | 47.63 (15.91) | 38.88 (14.74) | 0.20 | 0.07 |
| Executive function (TMT-B/A) | 2.82 (1.01) | 2.04 (0.78) | 0.046** | 0.17 |
| Memory (WMS-LM DR) | 19.75 (4.56) | 21.50 (8.16) | 0.63 | 0.01 |
| Depression (GDS) | 2.25 (1.39) | 0.31 (0.60) | 0.00** | 0.51 |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL) | 69.32 (12.74) | 85.39 (10.19) | 0.00** | 0.34 |
Note:
**
P<0.05.
Abbreviations: HCs, healthy controls; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; η2, effect size; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; WMS-LM, Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory; SDMT, Symbol Digital Modalities Test; MoCa, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TMT, Trail Making Test A and B; WMS-LM DR, Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory delayed recall; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; WHOQOL, World Health Organization’s Quality of life questionnaire.