Table 2.
Changes from baseline to follow-up after 5 weeks of training in the patients
| Baseline
|
Follow-up
|
P-value | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Mobility | ||||
| Mobility (Demmi) | ||||
| Patients | 75.38 (12.09) | 80.50 (10.35) | 0.02** | 0.58 |
| Controls | 100 (0.00) | 100 (0.00) | ||
| Mobility (Tinetti) | ||||
| Patients | 23.88 (3.87) | 25.75 (1.91) | 0.07* | 0.40 |
| Controls | 28.00 (0.00) | 28.00 (0.00) | ||
| Speed (m/3 min) | ||||
| Patients | 193.25 (49.77) | 192.00 (33.65) | 0.92 | 0.00 |
| Controls | 233.70 (29.73) | 230.56 (27.89) | 0.51 | 0.03 |
| Cognition | ||||
| Memory (WMS-LM) | ||||
| Patients | 24.88 (5.00) | 29.75 (6.21) | 0.049** | 0.45 |
| Controls | 25.94 (9.75) | 30.69 (8.50) | 0.01** | 0.38 |
| Processing speed (SDMT) | ||||
| Patients | 29.12 (6.94) | 31.50 (6.78) | 0.14 | 0.28 |
| Controls | 44.75 (10.08) | 43.44 (8.00) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
| Overall cognition (MoCa) | ||||
| Patients | 26.50 (1.69) | 27.88 (1.64) | 0.15 | 0.28 |
| Controls | 27.56 (1.79) | 28.00 (1.59) | 0.42 | 0.04 |
| Attention (TMT-A) | ||||
| Patients | 47.63 (15.91) | 41.63 (11.17) | 0.28 | 0.17 |
| Controls | 38.88 (14.74) | 29.38 (6.82) | 0.01** | 0.40 |
| EF (TMT-B/A) | ||||
| Patients | 2.82 (1.01) | 2.84 (1.38) | 0.98 | 0.00 |
| Controls | 2.04 (0.78) | 2.24 (0.70) | 0.16 | 0.13 |
| Memory (WMS-LM DR) | ||||
| Patients | 19.75 (4.56) | 27.63 (4.81) | 0.00** | 0.75 |
| Controls | 21.50 (9.42) | 28.50 (9.11) | 0.00** | 0.55 |
| Depression (GDS) | ||||
| Patients | 2.25 (1.39) | 2.75 (1.58) | 0.17 | 0.25 |
| Controls | 0.31 (0.60) | 0.38 (0.72) | 0.72 | 0.01 |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL) | ||||
| Patients | 69.32 (12.74) | 66.54 (16.90) | 0.48 | 0.07 |
| Controls | 85.39 (10.19) | 86.19 (10.61) | 0.53 | 0.03 |
Notes:
**
P<0.05,
*
P<0.10. Respective data from HCs are given to indicate variability of the measures.
Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; HC, healthy control; η2, effect size; WMS-LM, Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory; SDMT, Symbol Digital Modalities Test; MoCa, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TMT, Trail Making Test A and B; WMS-LM DR, Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory delayed recall; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; WHOQOL, World Health Organization’s Quality of life questionnaire; EF, executive function.