Table 1.
Summary of the participants’ demographic data and sleep variables (mean ± standard error of the mean)
| Healthy controls (n=17, 15 males) | Patients (n=11, 7 males) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.76±1.38 | 30±2.89 | ns |
| PSQI | 5.65±0.42 | 11.73±1.36 | <0.001 |
| Epworth sleepiness | 6.65±0.56 | 7.55±1.3 | ns |
| scale | |||
| HAM-D | 0.29±0.14 | 12.30±1.5 | <0.001 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 90.84±1.62 | 78.98±4 | ns |
| TST (minutes) | 425.71±21.86 | 496.05±33.93 | ns |
| SOL (minutes) | 7.47±1.23 | 30.09±5.62 | ns |
| REM sleep latency | 100.41±11.29 | 183.09±24.31 | 0.002 |
| (minutes) | |||
| Stage 1 (minutes) | 60.32±6.07 | 107.23±19.8 | ns |
| Stage 2 (minutes) | 237.24±13.39 | 286.59±19.86 | 0.002 |
| Stage 3 (minutes) | 26.85±2.68 | 22.72±4.72 | ns |
| Stage 4 (minutes) | 34±5.16 | 23.5±8.66 | 0.049 |
| SWS (minutes) | 60.85±6.65 | 45.77±12.85 | 0.002 |
| REM (minutes) | 67.29±6.86 | 56.45±10.13 | ns |
Abbreviations: HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ns, not significant; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; REM, rapid eye movement; SOL, sleep onset latency; SWS, slow-wave sleep; TST, total sleep time.