Table 3.

Availibility and utilization of supportive actions for informal caregivers in eight European countries

		Diagnosis stage		Early stage: mild cognitive impairment		Intermediate stage: moderate cognitive impairment		Late stage: severe cognitive impairment		End of life stage
		Available for	Utilized by	Available for	Utilized by	Available for	Utilized by	Available for	Utilized by	Available for	Utilized by
Counseling: Informal and formal, professionals or agency providing support to persons with dementia (PwDs) and their family.	EE	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one
	FI	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	FR	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Few	Few	No one	No one
	DE	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
	NL	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	ES	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	SE	All	Few	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	Few	Most
	E	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
Caregiver support: Organization where professionals provide support, such as counseling, individually and/or in groups, and provide home visits to informal caregivers.	EE	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
	FI	All	Few	All	Few	All	Most	All	Most	All	All
	FR	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
	DE	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
	NL	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	ES	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most
	SE	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
	E	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
Caregiver education: Training for informal caregivers providing care and service to PwDs. Education includes needs and symptoms of dementia.	EE	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
	FI	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
	FR	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
	DE	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
	NL	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	ES	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
	SE	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
	E	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
Informal caregivers – reimbursed: Informal caregivers employed by the public to provide care and service.	EE	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one
	FI	No one	No one	No one	No one	Most	Most	Most	Most	All	All
	FR	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Most	Most	Few	Few
	DE	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most
	NL	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
	ES	No one	No one	No one	No one	Most	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	SE	Few	No one	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
	E	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
Informal caregivers – not reimbursed: Informal caregivers provide care and service voluntarily.	EE	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most
	FI	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most
	FR	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Few	Few
	DE	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
	NL	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	ES	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All
	SE	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
	E	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most	All	Most
Day care/day activity/day care center/day hospital: Clinic or agency providing social activities and activities to stimulate physical, mental, and intellectual functional ability, daytime.	EE	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Few	Few	No one	No one
	FI	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	No one	No one	No one	No one
	FR	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Few	Few	No one	No one
	DE	Few	No one	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	No one
	NL	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All
	ES	No one	No one	Most	Few	Most	Few	No one	No one	No one	No one
	SE	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	No one	No one
	E	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Few	Few
Day care/day activity/day care center/day hospital specialized in dementia care: Clinic or agency with staff specialized in dementia care providing social activities and activities to stimulate cognitive ability, daytime. Only persons with dementia are admitted.	EE	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	No one	No one
	FI	Few	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	No one	No one
	FR	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most	Most
	DE	Few	No one	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	No one
	NL	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All
	ES	No one	No one	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	No one	No one
	SE	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	For few	Few	No one	No one
	E	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few
Respite care at home: Care at home to provide relief to informal caregivers who are caring for a family member/close friend.	EE	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few	Few
	FI	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Most	All	Most
	FR	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one
	DE	All	No one	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
	NL	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All	All
	ES	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one	No one
	SE	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few	All	Few
	E	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few	Most	Few

DE Germany, E England, EE Estonia, ES Spain, FI Finland, FR France, NL the Netherlands, SE Sweden