. 2016 Jan 29;16:32. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0210-9

Table 4.

Professionals providing supportive actions for informal caregivers, supportive actions and level of education*

		ISCED level 7: Master’s or equivalent, vocational	ISCED level 6: Bachelor’s or equivalent, vocational	ISCED level 5: Short-cycle tertiary education, vocational	ISCED level 4: Post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational	ISCED level 3: Upper secondary, vocational
Counseling: Informal and formal, professionals or agencies providing support to persons with dementia (PwDs) and their family.	EE
	FI		RN, RN dem		Aux-N
	FR	Psychologist
	DE	Case manager² psychol	Case manager², SW	SEN
	NL	Psychologist	Case manager², RN dem
	ES	MD ger, psych, neuro, GP, psychol	RN, SW
	SE	MD ger, psych, neuro, GP, psychol
	E	Psychologist	RN, RN dem, psych, SW, OT			Support worker
Caregiver support: Organization where professionals provide support, such as counseling, individually and/or in groups, and provide home visits to informal caregivers.	EE	Psychologist	SW
	FI		RN, RN dem		Aux-N
	FR		SW
	DE		Case manager²
	NL	Psychologist	Case manager^2,, RN, SW		Ass-N
	ES	GP, Psychologist	RN,SW
	SE	MD ger, psych, neuro, GP, Psychol			LPN
	E	Psychologist	RN, RN dem, psych, SW, OT
Caregiver education: Training for informal caregivers providing care and service to PwDs. Education about needs and symptoms of dementia.	EE	MD	RN, SW
	FI		RN, RN dem, SW		Aux-N
	FR	MD-ger	RN, SW
	DE		Case manager²
	NL		Case manager², RN, SW
	ES	GP, Psychologist	RN, SW, OT
	SE		RN, RN dem, SW
	E	Psychologist	RN, RN dem, psych, SW			LPN
Informal caregivers – reimbursed: Informal caregiver employed by the public to provide care and service.	EE
	FI		RN, RN dem, SW
	FR	MD ger, GP	SW
	DE
	NL	NA¹	NA¹	NA¹	NA¹	NA¹
	ES		SW
	SE		SW
	E		SW
Day care/day activity/day care center/day hospital: Clinic or agency providing social activities and activities to stimulate physical, mental, and intellectual functional ability, daytime	EE
	FI	GP	RN, SW, Physio-T
	FR	MD-ger. Psychologist	RN, SW, OT, Physio-T
	DE	SW, Physio-T	SW, OT, Physio-T	SEN	Aux-N	Ass-N
	NL	Multi-prof. team³
	ES	MD-ger, psych, neuro, GP, Psychologist	RN, SW, OT, Physio-T			Ass-N
	SE		SW		Ass-N, LPN
	E	MD-psych, Psychologist	RN, RN dem, SW, OT, Physio-T		Ass-N
Day care/day activity/day care center/day hospital specialized in dementia care: Clinic or agency, staff specialized in dementia care providing social activities and activities to stimulate cognitive ability, daytime. Only persons with dementia are admitted.	EE		OT
	FI		RN, SW		Aux-N
	FR	MD-ger. Psychologist	RN, SW, OT, Physio-T
	DE	Multi-prof. team³	Multi-prof. team³
	NL	Multi-prof. team³	Multi-prof. team³
	ES	MD-ger, psych, neuro, GP, psychol	RN, SW, OT, Physio-T
	SE		SW		Ass-N, LPN
	E	MD-ger, psych, Psychologist	RN, RN dem, SW, OT, Physio-T			Ass-N, Support worker
Respite care: For older people, but not specific to those with dementia disease: residential care around the clock for relief to informal caregivers who provide care for a family member/close friend.	EE		RN
	FI	GP	RN		Aux-N
	FR	GP, MD-ger	SW
	DE		SW, OT	SEN, SEN dem
	NL	Multi-prof. team³	Multi-prof. team³
	ES	MD-ger, psych, neuro, GP, psychol	RN, SW, OT, Physio-T
	SE	GP	RN		Ass-N, LPN
	E					Support worker
Respite care, specialized in dementia care: Residential specialized dementia care around the clock for relief to informal caregivers who provide care for a family member/close friend. In a nursing home or residential home.	EE		RN
	FI	GP	RN		Aux-N
	FR	GP, MD-ger	SW
	DE
	NL	Multi-prof. team³	Multi-prof. team³
	ES
	SE	GP	RN		Ass-N, LPN
	E		RN, RN dem			Support worker
Respite care at home: Care at home for relief to informal caregivers who are caring for a family member/close friend.	EE
	FI				Aux-N
	FR
	DE
	NL	Multi-prof. team³	Multi-prof. team³
	ES
	SE				Ass-N, LPN
	E		RN, RN dem			Support worker

*International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), 2011

¹ NA not applicable, i.e., the support was available, but not suitable in a specific stage of the disease or not suitable at all

²Case managers and home health experts had some health care training at ISCED level 6 and, in addition, special training for the task

³The multi-professional teams commonly consist of a physician, psychologist, registered nurse, assistant nurse, occupational therapist, and physiotherapist

DE Germany, E England, EE Estonia, ES Spain, FI Finland, FR France, NL the Netherlands, SE Sweden

For abbreviations of professional titles and qualifications, see the List of abbreviations