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. 2016 Jan 29;18:35. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0805-0

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© Tseng et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — New bone and osteophyte formation. a Representative image of an osteophyte (arrow) in the affected joint of a 12-week proteoglycan-induced spondylitis mouse. Scale bar = 300 μm. b Recently formed bone tissue (arrowheads) is characterised by a transition from proteoglycan and type II collagen-enriched matrix to type X and type I collagen-positive matrix. Osterix-positive osteoblasts are embedded in type I collagen-positive bone matrix. The dashed line represents the boundary between the original cortical bone and the excessive matrix above, showing a reduction of cartilaginous matrix, toluidine blue staining and type II collagen accompanied with an increase of type I collagen and osterix-expressing osteoblasts. Arrowheads indicate cartilage tissue that is strongly positive for type II collagen but weakly for type I collagen. Scale bar = 100 μm.