. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep 16;109(10):1640–1649. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.233

Table 4.

Hazard Ratios (HR) of Colorectal Cancer Associated with Laxative Use, by Subsite

	Colon Cancer			Rectal Cancer
	Case/Cohort^a	HR^b	(95% CI)	Case/Cohort^a	HR^b	(95% CI)	P for difference

Non-Fiber Laxative Use (10 year)
<1x/year	232/49,323	1.00	Ref	93/49,706	1.00	Ref	0.35
1–4x/year	44/4,719	1.60	(1.08–2.38)	6/4,753	0.98	(0.39–2.49)
≥5x/year	18/2,542	1.63	(0.89–2.98)	3/2,565	0.80	(0.20–3.09)
P_trend			0.002			0.78
Fiber Laxative Use (10 year)
Non-User	274/52,039	1.00	Ref	99/52,039	1.00	Ref	0.97
Low (<4 days/week or <4 yrs)	31/5,049	1.22	(0.83–1.83)	8/5,049	0.91	(0.39–2.16)
High (4+ days/week for 4+ yrs)	6/2,681	0.40	(0.17–0.99)	2/2,681	0.57	(0.14–2.36)
P_trend			0.26			0.46

n: # after fter adjustment for all covariates (listed below)

Adjusted for: age, sex, race/ethnicity,education, smoking, BMI, physical activity, family history of CRC, colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy screening, history of polyp removal, aspirin use, NSAID use, hormone replacement therapy use (among women), caloric intake, fiber, fruit & vegetable intake, red/processed meat intake, alcohol consumption, calcium, non-fiber laxative use, fiber laxative use, bowel movement frequency and constipation