Table 1.

Properties and dosing recommendations for gadolinium-based contrast agents

Class	Net charge	Trade name	Manufacturer	Chemical name	Concentration (mol/L)	Conditional complex stability (pH 7.4) log K cond [30]	Kinetic complex stability (pH 1.0a [37] /pH 7.4b) [30, 39]	Relaxivity (3 T in plasma, 37 °C) [L/(mmol s)] [38]	Excretion	Recommended doses for imaging (mmol/kg)	NSF risk [63, 64]
Linear	Non-ionic	Omniscan®	GE Healthcare	Gadodiamide	0.5	14.9	<5 s/5–7 days	4.0	Renal	Body 0.1; CNS 0.1 Kidney 0.05 Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, pelvic 0.1	High
	Non-ionic	Optimark™	Mallinckrodt Inc	Gadoversetamide	0.5	15.0	N/A	4.5	Renal	CNS 0.1 Liver 0.1	High
	Ionic	Magnevist®	Bayer HealthCare	Gadopentetate dimeglumine	0.5	18.4	10 min/5–7 days	3.7	Renal	CNS 0.1 Extracranial/extraspinal 0.1 Body 0.1	High
	Ionic	Multihance®	Bracco	Gadobenate dimeglumine	0.5	18.4	N/A	5.5	Renal, 4–5% hepatobiliary	CNS 0.1 MRA 0.1	Intermediate
	Ionic	Primovist®/Eovist®	Bayer HealthCare	Gadoxetate disodium	0.25	18.7	N/A	6.2	50% renal, 50% hepatobiliary	Liver 0.025	Intermediate
	Ionic	Ablavar®/Vasovist®	Lantheus Medical Imaging	Gadofosveset trisodium	0.25	18.9	N/A	9.9	Renal, 4–5% hepatobiliary	MRA 0.03	Intermediate
Macrocyclic	Non-ionic	Gadovist®/Gadavist®	Bayer HealthCare	Gadobutrol	1.0	15.5	7.9–24 h/>1000 years	5.0	Renal	CNS 0.1; Liver 0.1 Kidney 0.1; MRA 0.1 Whole body (EU) 0.1	Low
	Non-ionic	Prohance®	Bracco	Gadoteridol	0.5	17.2	2–3 h/>1000 years	3.7	Renal	CNS 0.1 Extracranial/extraspinal 0.1	Low
	Ionic	Dotarem®	Guerbet	Gadoterate meglumine	0.5	19.3	9–60 h/>1000 years	3.5	Renal	CNS 0.1 Extracranial/extraspinal 0.1 Body 0.1	Low

Please consult your local prescribing information for the latest information on approved indications and dosing

CNS central nervous system, MRA magnetic resonance angiography, NSF nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

^aDissociation half-life at pH 1.0

^bExtrapolated to pH 7.4