Table 2.
List of steroidal saponins/sapogenins reported in Allium species
| Species | Glycoside common name [no.] | Sapogenin [no.] | Sugar residue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. affine Ledeb. | Tigogenin [1] | Kravets et al. (1990) | ||
| Diosgenin [4] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| Ruscogenin [17] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| A. aflatunense B. Fedtsch. | [70] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1999c) |
| [75] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [84] | Agapanthagenin [31] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [105] | Alliogenin [49] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Kawashima et al. (1991a) | |
| A. albanum Grossh | Saponins present | Ismailov et al. (1976) | ||
| A. albidum Fisch. Ex M. Bieb. | Diosgenin [4] | Kereselidze et al. (1970) | ||
| Hecogenin [7] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| Ruscogenin [17] | Pkheidze et al. (1971) | |||
| A. albiflorus | Saponins present | Ismailov and Aliev (1976) | ||
| A. albopilosum C.H. Wright | Agigenin [34] | Mimaki et al. (1993) | ||
| Neoagigenin [36] | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |||
| Alliogenin [49] | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |||
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [94, 123] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[3-O-acetyl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [101] | 2-O-[(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl]-agigenin [35] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [105] | Alliogenin [49] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [184] | 3-O-acetyl-alliogenin [51] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [197, 198] | (25R,S)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [199] |
Alliosterol [(22S)-cholest-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,16β,22-tetrol] [196] |
1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [200] | Cholest-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,16β-triol-22-one | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [201] | 5α-Cholestane-1β,3β,16β-triol-22-one | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| A. ampeloprasum L. | Agigenin [34] | Morita et al. (1988) | ||
| [87] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Morita et al. (1988) | |
| AMPELOSIDE Bs1 [90] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Morita et al. (1988) | |
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Sata et al. (1998) | |||
| YAYOISAPONIN C [95] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Sata et al. (1998) | |
| YAYOISAPONIN A [96] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Sata et al. (1998) | |
| DIOSCIN [135] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sata et al. (1998) | |
| KARATAVIOSIDE A [151] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Uchida et al. (2009) | |
| YAYOISAPONIN B [174] | Porrigenin B [23] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Sata et al. (1998) | |
| AMPELOSIDE Bf1 [202] | (25R)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Morita et al. (1988) | |
| AMPELOSIDE Bf2 [203] | (25R)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Morita et al. (1988) | |
| [204] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1999b) | |
| A. ampeloprasum L. ssp. persicum | PERSICOSIDE A [120] | Neoagigenin [36] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) |
| PERSICOSIDE B [121] | Neoagigenin [36] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| PERSICOSIDE C (C1/C2) [205, 206] | Furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22ξ,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-β-d-Gal 1-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| PERSICOSIDE D (D1/D2) [207, 208] | Furostane-2α,3β,22ξ,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| CEPOSIDES A1/A2 [209, 210] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22ξ,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal 1-O-β-d-Xyl | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| CEPOSIDES C1/C2 [211, 212] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22ξ,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal 1-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| TROPEOSIDES A1/A2 [213, 214] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22ξ-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| TROPEOSIDES B1/B2 [215, 216] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22ξ-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-β-d-Xyl | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| ASCALONICOSIDES A1/A2 [217, 218] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22ξ-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| PERSICOSIDE E [219] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-α-l-Rha (1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Sadeghi et al. (2013) | |
| A. angulosum Lour. | Diosgenin [4] | Azarkova et al. (1974) | ||
| A. ascalonicum L. | ASCALONICOSIDE A1 [217] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-β-d-Gal | Fattorusso et al. (2002) |
| ASCALONICOSIDE A2 [218] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22β-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-β-d-Gal | Fattorusso et al. (2002) | |
| ASCALONICOSIDE B [220] | Furost-5(6),20(22)-diene-3β-ol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-β-d-Gal | Fattorusso et al. (2002) | |
| ASCALONICOSIDE C [221] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,5α,6β,22,26-pentaol-2-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Kang et al. (2007) | |
| ASCALONICOSIDE D [222] | (25R)-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-3β,5α,6β,26-tetrol-2-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Kang et al. (2007) | |
| DICHOTOMIN [223] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Kang et al. (2007) | |
| PARISAPONIN I [224] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Ara-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Kang et al. (2007) | |
| A. atroviolaceum Boiss. | Atroviolacegenin [57] | Zolfaghari et al. (2006) | ||
| [87] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Zolfaghari et al. (2006) | |
| ATROVIOLACEOSIDE [108] | Atroviolacegenin [57] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Zolfaghari et al. (2006) | |
| [225] | Furostane-2α,3β,6β,22α-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Zolfaghari et al. (2006) | |
| [226] | Furostane-2α,3β,6β,22α-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Zolfaghari et al. (2006) | |
| A. cepa L. | Diosgenin [4] | Kravets et al. (1990) | ||
| (25S)-ruscogenin [18] | Kravets et al. (1986a, b) | |||
| Cepagenin [44] | Kravets et al. (1987) | |||
| [132] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Kravets et al. (1990) | |
| [133] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Kravets et al. (1990) | |
| [143] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Kintya and Degtyareva (1989) | |
| ALLIOSPIROSIDE A [169] | (25S)-ruscogenin [18] | 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Kravets et al. (1986a) | |
| ALLIOSPIROSIDE B [170] | (25S)-ruscogenin [18] | 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-d-Gal | Kravets et al. (1986b) | |
| ALLIOSPIROSIDE C [178] | Cepagenin [44] | 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Kravets et al. (1987) | |
| ALLIOSPIROSIDE D [179] | Cepagenin [44] | 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-d-Gal | Kravets et al. (1987) | |
| ALLIOFUROSIDE A [227] | (25S)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Kravets et al. (1986a) | |
| CEPAROSIDE A [228] | (25R)-22-methoxy-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Yuan et al. (2008) | |
| CEPAROSIDE B [229] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-Ara | Yuan et al. (2008) | |
| CEPAROSIDE C [230] | (25R)-furost-5(6),20(22)-diene-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Gal | Yuan et al. (2009) | |
| CEPAROSIDE D [231] | (25S)-furost-5(6),20(22)-diene-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Gal | Yuan et al. (2009) | |
| CEPOSIDE A1 [209] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal 1-O-β-d-Xyl | Lanzotti et al. (2012b) | |
| CEPOSIDE B [232] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-β-d-Xyl | Lanzotti et al. (2012b) | |
| CEPOSIDE C1 [211] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal 1-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012b) | |
| A. cepa L. var. tropea | TROPEOSIDE A1 [213] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-β-d-Gal | Corea et al. (2005) |
| TROPEOSIDE A2 [214] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22β-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-β-d-Gal | Corea et al. (2005) | |
| TROPEOSIDE B1 [215] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-β-d-Xyl | Corea et al. (2005) | |
| TROPEOSIDE B2 [216] | Furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22β-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-β-d-Xyl | Corea et al. (2005) | |
| ASCALONICOSIDES A1/A2 [217, 218] | Corea et al. (2005) | |||
| ASCALONICOSIDE B [220] | Corea et al. (2005) | |||
| A. cepa L. var. aggregatum (Aggregatum group) | ALLIOSPIROSIDE A [169] | Teshima et al. (2013) | ||
| ALLIOSPIROSIDE B [170] | Teshima et al. (2013) | |||
| A. cernuum Roth. | Diosgenin [4] | Azarkova et al. (1983) | ||
| A. chinense G. Don | Tigogenin [1] | Matsuura et al. (1989b) | ||
| Neotigogenin [2] | Sapogenins [1,2,6,9] obtained on acid hydrolysis of the crude saponin fraction | Matsuura et al. (1989b) | ||
| Laxogenin [6] | Matsuura et al. (1989b) | |||
| Gitogenin [9] | Matsuura et al. (1989b) | |||
| [65, 110] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-3β-ol [1, 2] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Kuroda et al. (1995), Jiang et al. (1998) | |
| [66, 111] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-3β-ol [1, 2] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-(6-O-acetyl-β-d-Glc)]-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Jiang et al. (1998) | |
| [71, 113] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β-diol [9, 10] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Jiang et al. (1998) | |
| [73, 115] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β-diol [9, 10] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Kuroda et al. (1995) | |
| NEOMACROSTEMONOSIDE D [111] | Neotigogenin [2] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-(6-O-acetyl-β-d-Glc)]-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Jiang et al. (1999) | |
| CHINENOSIDE VI [116] | (25S)-5α-spirostane-3β,24β-diol [16] | 3-O-α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc 24-O-β-d-Glc | Jiang et al. (1998) | |
| [157] | Laxogenin [6] | 3-O-α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc | Kuroda et al. (1995), Peng et al. (1996b), Baba et al. (2000) | |
| [159] | Laxogenin [6] | 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-l-Ara)-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc | Kuroda et al. (1995) | |
| [161] | Laxogenin [6] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-Glc | Peng et al. (1995, 1996b); Baba et al. (2000) | |
| CHINENOSIDE I [233] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,22,26-triol-6-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-Glc | Matsuura et al. (1989b) | |
| CHINENOSIDE II [234] | (25R)-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol-6-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-Glc | Peng et al. (1996b) | |
| CHINENOSIDE III [235] | (25R)-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol-6-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc | Peng et al. (1996b) | |
| CHINENOSIDE IV [236] | (25R)-23-methoxy-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol-6-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-Glc | Peng et al. (1996c) | |
| CHINENOSIDE V [237] | (25R)-23-methoxy-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol-6-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Ara-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc | Peng et al. (1996c) | |
| A. cyrillii Ten. | F-GITONIN [72] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Tolkacheva et al. (2012) |
| [75] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Tolkacheva et al. (2012) | |
| A. elburzense Wendelbo | Agapanthagenin [31] | Barile et al. (2004) | ||
| Alliogenin [49] | Barile et al. (2004) | |||
| [85] | Agapanthagenin [31] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| [69] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| [106] | Alliogenin [49] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE A1 [238] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22α-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE A2 [239] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22β-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE B1 [240] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22α-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE B2 [241] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22β-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE C1 [242] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22α-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE C2 [243] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22β-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE D1 [244] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22α-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| ELBURZENSOSIDE D2 [245] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22β-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2004) | |
| A. erubescens C. Koh. | β-Chlorogenin [12] | Chincharadze et al. (1979) | ||
| ERUBOSIDE B [79] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-Glc-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Chincharadze et al. (1979) | |
| A. fistulosum L. | Yuccagenin [19] | Kim et al. (1991) | ||
| Tigogenin [1] | Lai et al. (2012) | |||
| Gitogenin [9] | Lai et al. (2012) | |||
| (25R)-19-norspirosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-4-methyl-2-ol [246] | Lai et al. (2012) | |||
| (25R)-spirost-1(2),4(5)-diene-2,6-diol-3-one [247] | Sapogenins [1, 9, 246, 247, 248, 249] obtained from the acid hydrolysis product of the whole glycoside mixture of Welsh onion seeds | Lai et al. (2012) | ||
| (25R)-spirost-1(2),4(5)-diene-2-ol-3-one [248] | Lai et al. (2012) | |||
| (25R)-spirost-4(5)-ene-2-ol-3-one [249] | Lai et al. (2012) | |||
| DIOSCIN [135] | Jung et al. (1993) | |||
| [141] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Jung et al. (1993) | |
| FISTULOSIDE A [148] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Do et al. (1992) | |
| FISTULOSIDE B [149] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Gal | Do et al. (1992) | |
| FISTULOSIDE C [150] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Gal | Do et al. (1992) | |
| FISTULOSAPONIN A [250] | (25R)-furost-5(6),20(22)-diene-3β,26-diol-2-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| FISTULOSAPONIN B [251] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol-2-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| FISTULOSAPONIN C [252] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3α,22α,26-triol-2-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| FISTULOSAPONIN D [253] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol-2-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| FISTULOSAPONIN E [254] | (25R)-furost-5(6),20(22)-diene-2α,3β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| FISTULOSAPONIN F [255] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| PROTOGRACILLIN [256] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| [257] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Lai et al. (2010) | |
| DICHOTOMIN [223] | Lai et al. (2010) | |||
| A. flavum L. | [137] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Rezgui et al. (2014) |
| [153] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Gal-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Rezgui et al. (2014) | |
| [154] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Rezgui et al. (2014) | |
| A. fuscoviolaceum L. | Diosgenin [4] | Kravets et al. (1990) | ||
| A. giganteum Regel | Diosgenin [4] | Kravets et al. (1990) | ||
| β-Chlorogenin [12] | Kelginbaev et al. (1974) | |||
| Yuccagenin [19] | Kelginbaev et al. (1974) | |||
| Gantogenin [33] | Kelginbaev et al. (1975) | |||
| Agigenin [34] | Kelginbaev et al. (1974) | |||
| Neoagigenin [36] | Kelginbaev et al. (1973, 1974) | |||
| Alliogenin [49] | Khristulas et al. (1970), Gorovits et al. (1971) | |||
| Luvigenin [59] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Kelginbaev et al. (1976), Kawashima et al. (1991a) | |||
| [98] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1994) | |
| [105] | Alliogenin [49] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Sashida et al. (1991) | |
| [106] | Alliogenin [49] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Gorovits et al. (1971) | |
| [184] | 3-O-acetyl-alliogenin [51] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Sashida et al. (1991) | |
| [186] | Karatavigenin [52] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Sashida et al. (1991) | |
| [191] | (24S,25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,24-pentaol [60] | 24-O-β-d-Glc | Kawashima et al. (1991a) | |
| [193] | 3-O-acetyl-(24S,25S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β, 5α,6β,24-pentaol [62] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1994) | |
| [258] | (25R)-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22ξ,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1994) | |
| [259] | (25R)-3-O-benzoyl-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22ξ,26-hexol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1994) | |
| [260] | (25R)-3-O-acetyl-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22ξ,26-hexol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1994) | |
| A. gramineum C. Koch. | Diosgenin [4] | Kravets et al. (1990) | ||
| β-Chlorogenin [12] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| Agigenin [34] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| ERUBOSIDE B [79] | Kravets et al. (1990) | |||
| A. hirtifolium Boiss. | [69] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2005) |
| [85] | Agapanthagenin [31] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| HIRTIFOLIOSIDE D [92] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| [106] | Alliogenin [49] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| HIRTIFOLIOSIDE A1 [261] | Furostane-2α,3β,22α-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| HIRTIFOLIOSIDE A2 [262] | Furostane-2α,3β,22β-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| HIRTIFOLIOSIDE B [263] | Furost-20(22)-ene-2α,3β-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| HIRTIFOLIOSIDE C1 [264] | Furostane-2α,3β,22α-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| HIRTIFOLIOSIDE C2 [265] | Furostane-2α,3β,22β-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc | Barile et al. (2005) | |
| A. jesdianum Boiss. | F-GITONIN [72] | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | ||
| [86] | Gantogenin [33] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [266] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-β-d-Glc 16-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [267] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| A. karataviense Regel | Diosgenin [4] | Gorovits et al. (1973) | ||
| Yuccagenin [19] | Gorovits et al. (1973) | |||
| Karatavigenin c [45] | Vollerner et al. (1983b) | |||
| Alliogenin [49] | Gorovits et al. (1973), Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |||
| Karatavigenin [52] | Gorovits et al. (1973) | |||
| Karatavigenin B [53] | Khristulas et al. (1974) | |||
| [105] | Alliogenin [49] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [106] | Alliogenin [49] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Gorovits et al. (1973) | |
| [107] | Alliogenin [49] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d--d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| KARATAVIOSIDE A [151] | Vollerner et al. (1978), Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |||
| KARATAVIOSIDE B [152] | Yuccagenin [19] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Vollerner et al. (1983a) | |
| KARATAVIOSIDE E [180] | Karatavigenin C [45] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Vollerner et al. (1984) | |
| KARATAVIOSIDE F [181] | Karatavigenin C [45] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal 24-O-β-d-Glc | Vollerner et al. (1984) | |
| [184] | 3-O-acetyl-alliogenin [51] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | ||
| [185] | 3-O-(2-hydroxybutyryl)-alliogenin [54] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [186] | Karatavigenin [52] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [187] | Karatavigenin B [53] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Khristulas et al. (1974) | |
| [192] | (24S,25S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,24-pentaol [61] | 2-O-β-d-Glc 24-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [194] | 3-O-benzoyl-(24S,25S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,24-pentaol [63] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| [195] | 3-O-benzoyl-(24S,25S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,24-pentaol [63] | 2-O-β-d-Glc 24-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| KARATAVIOSIDE C [268] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Vollerner et al. (1980) | |
| [269] | (25R)-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-2α,3β,5,6β,22ξ-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 2-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1999c) | |
| A. leucanthum C. Koch | ERUBOSIDE B [79] | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | ||
| [80] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | |
| [81] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | |
| [91] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | |
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | |||
| YAYOISAPONIN C [95] | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | |||
| LEUCOSPIROSIDE A [97] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mskhiladze et al. (2008b) | |
| A. macleanii Baker | [67] | Tigogenin [1] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Inoue et al. (1995) |
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Inoue et al. (1995) | |||
| [98] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| [100] | Agigenin [34] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-benzoyl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| [105] | Alliogenin [49] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| [186] | Karatavigenin [52] | 2-O-β-d-Glc | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| [270] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 3-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-β-d-Glc | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| A. macrostemon Bunge (A. grayi Regel) | Tigogenin [1] | Okanishi et al.(1975), He et al. (2002) | ||
| Smilagenin [3] | Okanishi et al.(1975) | |||
| Gitogenin [9] | Okanishi et al.(1975) | |||
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE A [65] | Tigogenin [1] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1992) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE D [66] | Tigogenin [1] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-(6-O-acetyl-β-d-Glc)]-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al.(1992) | |
| [129] | (25R)-5β-spirostane-3β,12β-diol [15] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Cheng et al. (2013) | |
| [172] | 5β-Spirost-25(27)-ene-2β,3β-diol [21] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | He et al. (2002), Cheng et al. (2013) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE S [173] | 5β-Spirost-25(27)-ene-3β,12β-diol [22] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Cheng et al. (2013) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE B [271] | (25R)-5β-furostane-3β,22,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2007) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE E [272] | 5α-Furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1993) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE F [273] | 5β-Furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al.(1993) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE G [274] | 5β-Furost-25(27)-ene-3β,12β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1995) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE H [275] | 22-Methoxy-5β-furost-25(27)-ene-3β,12β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1995) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE I [276] | 5β-Furost-25(27)-ene-3β,22,26-triol-12-one | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1995) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE J [277] | (25R)-5β-furostane-2β,3β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1994) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE K [278] | (25R)-22-methoxy-5β-furostane-2β,3β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1994) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE L [279] | (25R)-5β-furost-20(22)-ene-2β,3β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1994) | |
| [280] | 5β-Furost-25(27)-ene-1β,3β,3β,22α,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Gal | He et al. (2002) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE M [281] | (25R)-5β-furostane-1β,2β,3β,6α,22-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc | Chen et al. (2006) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE N [282] | 5β-Furost-25(27)-ene-1β,2β,3β,6α,22-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc | Chen et al. (2006) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE O [283] | 5β-Furost-25(27)-ene-3β,22,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2007) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE P [284] | (25R)-5β-furostane-1β,3β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2007) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE Q [285] | (25R)-5β-furostane-1α,2β,3β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2007) | |
| MACROSTEMONOSIDE R [286] | (25R)-5β-furostane-2α,3β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2007) | |
| [287] | (25R)-furostane-3β,22,26β-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2006) | |
| [288] | (25S)-furostane-3β,22,26β-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2006) | |
| [289] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,12β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2010) | |
| [290] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,12α,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-bGlc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2010) | |
| [291] | (25R)-5β-furostane-3β,12α,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2010) | |
| [292] | 5α-Furost-25(27)-ene-3β,12β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2009) | |
| [293] | 5β-Furost-20(22),25(27)-diene-3β,12β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Chen et al. (2009) | |
| [294] | 5β-Furostane-3β,12α,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Ou et al. (2012) | |
| A. minutiflorum Regel | Neoagigenin [36] | Barile et al. (2007) | ||
| Alliogenin [49] | Barile et al. (2007) | |||
| MINUTOSIDE B [119] | Neoagigenin [36] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2007) | |
| MINUTOSIDE A [295] | (25R)-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22α,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2007) | |
| MINUTOSIDE C [296] | (25R)-furostane-2α,3β,5α,6β,22α,26-hexol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Barile et al. (2007) | |
| A. narcissiflorum Vill. | TRILLIN (ALLIUMOSIDE A) [130] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Krokhmalyuk and Kintya (1976b) |
| DELTONIN [134] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1996) | |
| [139] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1996) | |
| [141] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1996) | |
| ALLIUMOSIDE B [297] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc | Krokhmalyuk and Kintya (1976b) | |
| ALLIUMOSIDE C [298] | (25R)-furostane-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Gal-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc | Lazurevski et al. (1975) | |
| ALLIUMOSIDE D [299] | (25S)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc | Krokhmalyuk and Kintya (1976a) | |
| ALLIUMOSIDE E [300] | (25S)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc | Krokhmalyuk and Kintya (1976a) | |
| [301] | (25R)-22-methoxy-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22ξ,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1996) | |
| [302] | (25R)-22-methoxy-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22ξ,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1996) | |
| A. nigrum L. | NIGROSIDES A1/A2 [89, 117] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Jabrane et al. (2011) |
| NIGROSIDES B1/B2 [88, 118] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 2-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Gal | Jabrane et al. (2011) | |
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Mostafa et al. (2013) | |||
| AGINOSIDE/TUROSIDE A [93, 122] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Jabrane et al. (2011) | |
| [98, 124] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Jabrane et al. (2011) | |
| NIGROSIDE C (SCHUBERTOSIDE D) [303] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Gal | Jabrane et al. (2011) | |
| NIGROSIDE D [304] | Alliosterol [196] | 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Gal | Jabrane et al. (2011) | |
| A. nutans L. | Diosgenin [4] | Azarkova et al. (1983) | ||
| [138] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Gal | Akhov et al. (1999) | |
| [147] | Ruscogenin [17] | 1-O-β-d-Gal | Akhov et al. (1999) | |
| NOLINOFUROSIDE D [305] | (25S)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 1-O-β-d-Gal | Akhov et al. (1999) | |
| DELTOSIDE [306] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-3β,22α,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Akhov et al. (1999) | |
| A. ostrowskianum Regel | Agigenin [34] | Mimaki et al. (1993) | ||
| F-GITONIN [72] | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |||
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |||
| [196, 197] | (25R,S)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| [307] | Alliosterol [196] | 16-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc | Mimaki et al. (1993) | |
| A. porrum L. (A. ampeloprasum L. var. porrum) | Diosgenin [4] | Fattorusso et al. (1998) | ||
| β-Chlorogenin [12] | Fattorusso et al. (1998) | |||
| Porrigenin B [23] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| Neoporrigenin B [24] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| 12-Ketoporrigenin [29] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| Porrigenin C [30] | Fattorusso et al. (2000) | |||
| Agigenin [34] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| Neoagigenin [36] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| Porrigenin A [38] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| Neoporrigenin A [39] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| 2,3-Seco-porrigenin [64] | Carotenuto et al. (1997b) | |||
| F-GITONIN [72] | Carotenuto et al. (1999) | |||
| [74] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Carotenuto et al. (1999) | |
| [78] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Gal 6-O-β-d-Glc | Adão et al. (2011a) | |
| [80] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Carotenuto et al. (1999) | |
| [82] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Carotenuto et al. (1999) | |
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Harmatha et al. (1987) | |||
| LEUCOSPIROSIDE A [97] | Adão et al. (2011b) | |||
| [162] | 12-Ketoporrigenin [29] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Fattorusso et al. (2000) | |
| [175] | Porrigenin B [23] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Adão et al. (2012) | |
| [177] | Porrigenin C [30] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Fattorusso et al. (2000) | |
| [267] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-β-d-Glc | Fattorusso et al. (2000) | |
| [308] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-β-d-Gal | Fattorusso et al. (2000) | |
| A. rotundum L. | Tigogenin [1] | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | ||
| Diosgenin [4] | Sapogenins [1, 4, 7, 9, 12, 19, 34] were isolated by hydrolyzing saponins directly in the raw material | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | ||
| Hecogenin [7] | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | |||
| Gitogenin [9] | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | |||
| β-Chlorogenin [12] | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | |||
| Yuccagenin [19] | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | |||
| Agigenin [34] | Maisashvili et al. (2007) | |||
| [74] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Maisashvili et al. (2012) | |
| DIDEGLUCOERUBOSIDE B [77] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Maisashvili et al. (2008) | |
| ERUBOSIDE B [79] | Maisashvili et al. (2008) | |||
| AGINOSIDE [93] | Maisashvili et al. (2008) | |||
| YAYOISAPONIN C [95] | Maisashvili et al. (2008) | |||
| TRILLIN (ALLIUMOSIDE A) [130] | Maisashvili et al. (2008) | |||
| [309] | (25R)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Maisashvili et al. (2012) | |
| A. sativum L. | SATIVOSIDE-R2 [68] | Tigogenin [1] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Matsuura et al. (1989a) |
| F-GITONIN [72] | Matsuura et al. (1989a) | |||
| [76] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Gal | Matsuura et al. (1988) | |
| DIDEGLUCOERUBOSIDE B [77] | β-Chlorogenin [12] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Matsuura et al. (1988) | |
| ERUBOSIDE-B [79] (obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of proto-eruboside B) | Matsuura et al. (1988) | |||
| ISO-ERUBOSIDE-B [310] | (25S)-5α-spirostane-3β,6β-diol | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1996a) | |
| SATIVOSIDE-B1 [311] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,6β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Matsuura et al. (1989a) | |
| SATIVOSIDE-R1 [312] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,22,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Matsuura et al. (1989a) | |
| PROTO-ERUBOSIDE-B [313] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,6β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Matsuura et al. (1988) | |
| PROTO-ISO-ERUBOSIDE-B [314] | (25S)-5α-furostane-3β,6β,22,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Peng et al. (1996a), Ma et al. (2011) | |
| PROTO-DESGALACTOTIGONIN [315] | Matsuura et al. (1989a) | |||
| [316] | (25S)-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-3β,6β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Ma et al. (2011) | |
| [317] | (25R)-22-methoxy-5α-furostane-3β,6β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Ma et al. (2011) | |
| [318] | (25R)-22-methoxy-5α,6β-furostane-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Ma et al. (2011) | |
| A. sativum L. var. Voghiera | [73] | Gitogenin [9] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) |
| AMPELOSIDE Bs1 [90] | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |||
| VOGHIEROSIDE A1 [319] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22α,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE A2 [320] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22β,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE B1 [321] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22α,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE B2 [322] | Furostane-2α,3β,5α,22β,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE C1 [323] | Furostane-2α,3β,6β,22α,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE C2 [324] | Furostane-2α,3β,6β,22β,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE D1 [325] | Furostane-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE D2 [326] | Furostane-2α,3β,22β,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE E1 [327] | Furostane-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| VOGHIEROSIDE E2 [328] | Furostane-2α,3β,22β,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Lanzotti et al. (2012a) | |
| A. schoenoprasum L. | [83] | (25R)-5α-spirostane-3β,11α-diol [14] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Gal | Timité et al. (2013) |
| [131] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Timité et al. (2013) | |
| DELTONIN [134] | Timité et al. (2013) | |||
| [158] | Laxogenin [6] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Timité et al. (2013) | |
| [160] | Laxogenin [6] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Timité et al. (2013) | |
| [182] | (20S,25S)-spirost-5(6)-ene-3β,11α,21-triol [46] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Timité et al. (2013) | |
| [183] | (20S,25S)-spirost-5(6)-ene-3β,12β,21-triol [47] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Timité et al. (2013) | |
| DELTOSIDE [306] | Timité et al. (2013) | |||
| A. schubertii Zucc. | [100, 126] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-benzoyl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1993) |
| [99, 125] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[3-O-benzoyl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1993) | |
| [98, 124] | (25R,S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol [34, 36] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[4-O-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1993) | |
| [194, 195] | (25R,S)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1993) | |
| SCHUBERTOSIDE D (NIGROSIDE C) [303] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1991b) | |
| SCHUBERTOSIDE A [329] | (22S)-cholest-4(5)-ene-16β,22-diol-3-one | 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1991b) | |
| SCHUBERTOSIDE B [330] | (22S)-cholest-5(6)-ene-3β,16β,22-triol | 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1991b) | |
| SCHUBERTOSIDE C [331] | (22S)-cholest-5(6)-ene-3β,16β,22-triol | 3-O-β-d-Glc 16-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 3)-O-β-d-Gal | Kawashima et al. (1991b) | |
| A. senescens L. | Diosgenin [4] | Inoue et al. (1995) | ||
| [140] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| [141] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Inoue et al. (1995) | |
| A. stipitatum Regel./A. suvorovii Regel. | Diosgenin [4] | Sapogenins [4,19] obtained from the acid hydrolysis of the purified combined glycosides | Vollerner et al. (1988a) | |
| Yuccagenin [19] | Vollerner et al. (1988a) | |||
| Anzurogenin B [26] | Vollerner et al. (1988a, b) | |||
| Anzurogenin D [41] | Kravets (1994) | |||
| Anzurogenin A [48] | Vollerner et al. (1988a) | |||
| Alliogenin [49] | Vollerner et al. (1988a) | |||
| Anzurogenin C [58] | Vollerner et al. (1989) | |||
| Alliosterol [196] | Vollerner et al. (1991) | |||
|
Alliogenone [359] [(25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,5α-triol-6-one] |
Kravets (1994) | |||
| KARATAVIOSIDE A [151] | Kravets (1994) | |||
| KARATAVIOSIDE B [152] | Kravets (1994) | |||
| ANZUROSIDE [190] | Anzurogenin C [58] | 24-O-β-d-Glc | Vollerner et al. (1989) | |
| ALLIOSIDE A [333] | Alliosterol [196] | 16-O-β-d-Gal | Vollerner et al. (1991) | |
| ALLIOSIDE B [334] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-β-d-Glc 16-O-β-d-Gal | Vollerner et al. (1991) | |
| A. triquetrum L. | ASCALONICOSIDES A1/A2 [217, 218] | Corea et al. (2003) | ||
| TRIQUETROSIDE A1 [335] | Furost-5(6)-ene-1β,22α-diol |
26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc |
Corea et al. (2003) | |
| TRIQUETROSIDE A2 [336] | Furost-5(6)-ene-1β,22β-diol |
26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc |
Corea et al. (2003) | |
| TRIQUETROSIDE B [337] | Furost-5(6),20(22)-diene-1β-ol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Corea et al. (2003) | |
| TRIQUETROSIDE C1 [338] | Furost-5(6)-ene-1β,22α-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Corea et al. (2003) | |
| TRIQUETROSIDE C2 [339] | Furost-5(6)-ene-1β,22β-diol | 26-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Corea et al. (2003) | |
| A. tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng | Neotigogenin [2] | Saponins [165, 168, 171] obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of furostanol saponin fraction by β-glucosidase | ||
| TUBEROSIDE J [102] | (25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,27-triol [40] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001a) | |
| TUBEROSIDE K [103] | (25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,27-triol [40] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001a) | |
| TUBEROSIDE L [104] | (25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,27-triol [40] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc 27-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001a) | |
| NICOTIANOSIDE C [109] | Neotigogenin [2] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2000) | |
| TUBEROSIDE D [112] | Neogitogenin [10] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (1999a, b), Ikeda et al. (2000) | |
| TUBEROSIDE E [114] | Neogitogenin [10] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (1999a) | |
| TUBEROSIDE [128] | (25S)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,27-triol [42] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Zou et al. (2001) | |
| TUBEROSIDE M [163] | (25S)-5β-spirostane-1β,3β-diol [8] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2002) | |
| TUBEROSIDE N [164] | (25S)-5β-spirostane-2β,3β-diol [11] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| [165] | 25-Epi-ruizgenin [13] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Ikeda et al. (2000) | |
| TUBEROSIDE O [166] | (25S)-5β-spirostane-2β,3β,5β-triol [32] | 3-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| TUBEROSIDE P [167] | (25S)-5β-spirostane-2β,3β,5β-triol [32] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| [168] | (25S)-spirostane-3β,5β,6α-triol [43] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Ikeda et al. (2000) | |
| [171] | Lilagenin [20] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Ikeda et al. (2000) | |
| [188] | (24S,25S)-5β-spirostane-2α,3β,5β,24-tetrol [55] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Hu et al. (2014) | |
| TUBEROSIDE Q [189] | (24S,25S)-5β-spirostane-2β,3β,5β,24-tetrol [56] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| [340] | (24S,25S)-5β-spirostane-2β,3β,24-triol | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Hu et al. (2009) | |
| TUBEROSIDE A [341] | (25S)-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-2α,3β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 26-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (1999b) | |
| TUBEROSIDE B [342] | (25S)-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-2α,3β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (1999b) | |
| TUBEROSIDE C [343] | (25S)-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-2α,3β,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (1999b) | |
| TUBEROSIDE R [344] | (25S)-5β-furost-20(22)-ene-2β,3β,5,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| TUBEROSIDE S [345] | (25S)-5β-furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| TUBEROSIDE T [346] | (25S)-5α-furost-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| [347] | (25S,20R)-5α-furost-22(23)-ene-2α,3β,20,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001b) | |
| [348] | (25S,20R)-20-methoxy-5α-furost-22(23)-ene-2α,3β,20,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001b) | |
| [349] | (25S,20S)-5α-furost-22(23)-ene-2α,3β,20,26-tetrol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001b) | |
| [350] | (25S,20S)-5α-furost-22(23)-ene-3β,20,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2001b) | |
| [351] | (25R)-5α-furostane-3β,22,26-triol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Ikeda et al. (2004) | |
| [352] | (25S)-5β-furostane-3β,5β,6α,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Ikeda et al. (2004) | |
| [267] | Alliosterol [196] | 1-O-α-l-Rha 16-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2000) | |
| TUBEROSIDE U [353] | (22S,25S)-cholest-5(6)-ene-3β,16β,22,26-tetrol | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)]-O-β-d-Glc 16-O-β-d-Glc | Sang et al. (2003) | |
| A. turcomanicum Regel | Yuccagenin [19] | Pirtskhalava et al. (1977a) | ||
| Neoagigenone [25] | Pirtskhalava et al. (1977a) | |||
| Neoagigenin [36] | Pirtskhalava et al. (1977a) | |||
| 6-O-benzoyl neoagigenin [37] | Pirtskhalava et al. (1977a) | |||
| Alliogenin [49] | Pirtskhalava et al. (1977a) | |||
| Neoalliogenin [50] | Pirtskhalava et al. (1977b) | |||
| TUROSIDE A [122] | Neoagigenin [36] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Pirtskhalava et al. (1978) | |
| TUROSIDE A 6-O-BENZOATE [127] | 6-O-benzoyl-neoagigenin [37] | 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Pirtskhalava et al. (1979a) | |
| TUROSIDE C [354] | (25S)-5α-furostane-2α,3β,6β,22,26-pentaol | 26-O-β-d-Glc 3-O-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Gal | Pirtskhalava et al. (1979b) | |
| A. ursinum L. | [141] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sobolewska et al. (2006) |
| [156] | (25R)-spirost-5(6),25(27)-diene-3β-ol [5] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Sobolewska et al. (2006) | |
| DICHOTOMIN [223] | Sobolewska (2004) | |||
| A. vavilovii M. Popov | ASCALONICOSIDES A1/A2 [217, 218] | Zolfaghari et al. (2013) | ||
| VAVILOSIDE A1 [355] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Zolfaghari et al. (2013) | |
| VAVILOSIDE A2 [356] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22β,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Gal | Zolfaghari et al. (2013) | |
| VAVILOSIDE B1 [357] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Xyl | Zolfaghari et al. (2013) | |
| VAVILOSIDE B2 [358] | (25R)-furost-5(6)-ene-1β,3β,22β,26-tetrol | 26-O-α-l-Rha 1-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Xyl | Zolfaghari et al. (2013) | |
| A. victorialis var. platyphyllum L. | F-GITONIN [72] | Lee et al. (2001) | ||
| A. vineale L. | Diosgenin [4] | Chen and Snyder (1989) | ||
| Nuatigenin [27] | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |||
| Isonuatigenin [28] | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |||
| [131] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| DELTONIN [134] | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |||
| [136] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| [142] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| [144] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 3)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| [145] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| [146] | Diosgenin [4] | 3-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-[β-d-Glc-(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-[α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| [155] | Isonuatigenin [28] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| [176] | Nuatigenin [27] | 3-O-α-l-Rha-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-Glc | Chen and Snyder (1989) | |
| A. waldsteinii Don. | Diosgenin [4] | Eristavi et al. (1973) | ||
| β-Chlorogenin [12] | Eristavi et al. (1973) | |||
| DIDEGLUCOERUBOSIDE B [77] | Gugunishvili et al. (2006) | |||
| TRILLIN (ALLIUMOSIDE A) [130] | Gugunishvili et al. (2006) |