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. 2016 Feb 2;7:16. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00016

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Copyright © 2016 Entz, George, Zeitz, Raisch, Smyth and Poelzing.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pacing rate but not solution composition alters CV in hearts with normal GJ coupling. (A) Representative isochrones from hearts perfused without CBX, showing conduction slowing between pacing rates, but not solutions. (B) Uniformly spaced action potential upstrokes from the same hearts as pictured in (A), demonstrating temporal upstroke separation as another indicator of decreased CV. (C) Black symbols: 300 ms BCL, Gray symbols: 160 ms BCL. CV measurements for longitudinal and transverse directions. CV decreased due to increased pacing rate for each combination except Solution A in the transverse direction. (D) Percent changes in CV_L and CV_T between Solutions A and B show no changes in CV due to perfusate. ^*p < 0.025 between pacing rates.