Table 1. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters and adipsin levels of normal pregnant women.
| Variable | Normal pregnancy (n = 54) | P-value in the Friedman’s test* | P-value in the post-hoc analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP | MP | LP | EP Vs MP | EP Vs LP | MP Vs LP | ||
| Weight, Kg (mean ± SD) | 55.6 (+/− 6.9) | 60.2 (+/− 7.6) | 64.3 (+/− 7.4) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
| BMI, Kg/m2 (median (IQR)) | 22.34 (20.46–23.7) | 23.96 (22.52–25.89) | 25.95 (24.4–27.48) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
| Gestational age, weeks (median (IQR)) | 12.1 (11.5–12.5) | 24.3 (24.13–24.6) | 34.4 (34.2–35.2) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
| Systolic BP, mmHg (median (IQR)) | 95 (90–100) | 90 (86–100) | 97 (90–102) | 0.03* | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.04* |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg (median (IQR)) | 60 (60–63.5) | 60 (58–60) | 62 (60–69.5) | 0.00** | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.01** |
| Mean BP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 72.3 (+/− 5.5) | 71 (+/− 5.2) | 74.2 (+/− 7.1) | 0.01* | 0.13 | 0.03* | 0.01** |
| Glucose, mg/dL (median (IQR)) | 78 (73–82.75) | 72 (69–77.75) | 73.5 (69–77.75) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00** | 0.72 |
| Insulin, ng/mL (median (IQR)) | 9.5 (5.75–12) | 11.2 (8.3–14.5) | 12.3 (8.05–17.52) | 0.00** | 0.02* | 0.00*** | 0.03* |
| HOMA-IR (median (IQR)) | 1.695 (1.129–2.217) | 1.9 (1.452–2.631) | 2.255 (1.575–3.139) | 0.02* | 0.14 | 0.00*** | 0.01* |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 166.3 (+/− 31.3) | 218.7 (+/− 37.5) | 247.9 (+/− 48.4) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 57.4 (+/− 10.8) | 69.3 (+/− 11.5) | 67.2 (+/− 11.4) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.13 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 119.3 (+/− 33.3) | 146.7 (+/− 43.2) | 157 (+/− 41.5) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.01** |
| VLDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (median (IQR)) | 21.58 (17.54–25.98) | 35.46 (28.06–43.24) | 46.54 (40.37–56.14) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (median (IQR)) | 107.9 (87.7–129.9) | 177.3 (140.3–216.2) | 223.6 (201.1–282.4) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
| Adipsin, ng/mL (mean ± SD) | 4381 (+/− 663.4) | 4083 (+/− 655.1) | 4314.5 (+/− 665) | 0.04* | 0.01** | 0.68 | 0.02* |
| Leptin, pg/mL (mean ± SD) | 23461.12 (+/− 9011.357) | 34112.42 (+/− 20165.563) | 48144.76 (+/− 31264.723) | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** |
Non-normally distributed data are listed as median (IQR). Normally distributed data are listed as mean ± SD. EP = early pregnancy, MP = middle pregnancy, LP = late pregnancy, PP = three months postpartum. HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment). *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01, ***p-value < 0.001.