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. 2016 Feb 2;6:19799. doi: 10.1038/srep19799

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(A) Human glioma cells U251 were treated with CTX, CA4 or CTX-23 and membrane extensions were monitored. Incubation time for CTX, CA4 or CTX-23 was 24 hours. Nuclei are given in red, actin is displayed in green. Scale bar represents 50 μm. (B) Top, Quantification of CTX induced cell shrinkage. Both CTX and its derivatives significantly reduced cell volume compared to controls. Bottom, Quantification of CTX induced nuclei size increase. Both CTX and its derivatives significantly increased the nuclei size of glioma cells compared to controls. Quantification is given from three independent experiments. Means are given as ± SD, n = 10 per group, *P < 0.05 (Student’s unpaired t-test).