Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of black and white study participants, Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results renal cell carcinoma cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2007
| White (n = 699) | Black (n = 252) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 396 (0.57) | 148 (0.59) | 0.57 |
| Female | 303 (0.43) | 104 (0.41) | |
| Age at diagnosis | |||
| <65 years | 461 (0.66) | 182 (0.72) | 0.07 |
| ≥65 years | 238 (0.34) | 70 (0.28) | |
| Mean (SD) | 58.8 (11.6) | 57.6 (10.5) | 0.15 |
| Tumor size (cm) | |||
| ≤4 cm | 348 (0.50) | 135 (0.54) | 0.63 |
| 4–7 cm | 190 (0.27) | 66 (0.26) | |
| >7 cm | 147 (0.21) | 48 (0.19) | |
| Unknown | 14 (0.02) | 3 (0.01) | |
| Mean (SD) | 5.3 (4.9) | 4.9 (3.2) | 0.12 |
| AJCC stage | |||
| I | 452 (0.65) | 182 (0.72) | 0.03 |
| II | 75 (0.11) | 29 (0.12) | |
| III or IV | 139 (0.20) | 32 (0.13) | |
| Missing | 33 (0.05) | 9 (0.04) | |
| Histology | |||
| Clear cell | 533 (0.76) | 148 (0.59) | <0.01 |
| Papillary | 76 (0.11) | 65 (0.26) | |
| Chromophobe | 42 (0.06) | 17 (0.07) | |
| Cystic | 36 (0.05) | 16 (0.06) | |
| Other | 12 (0.02) | 6 (0.02) | |
| Fuhrman grade | |||
| I | 80 (0.11) | 21 (0.08) | 0.35 |
| II | 311 (0.44) | 117 (0.46) | |
| III and IV | 204 (0.29) | 79 (0.31) | |
| Missing | 104 (0.15) | 35 (0.14) | |
| Surgical treatment | |||
| None | 26 (0.04) | 10 (0.04) | 0.54 |
| Open radical nephrectomy | 323 (0.46) | 104 (0.41) | |
| Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy | 220 (0.31) | 83 (0.33) | |
| Nephron‐sparing surgery | 130 (0.19) | 55 (0.22) | |
| Symptomatology | |||
| Asymptomatic | 275 (0.39) | 113 (0.45) | 0.01 |
| Local | 261 (0.37) | 71 (0.28) | |
| Systemic | 107 (0.15) | 51 (0.20) | |
| Unknown | 56 (0.08) | 17 (0.07) | |
| History of renal‐relevant comorbidities | |||
| None | 297 (0.42) | 60 (0.24) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension only | 288 (0.41) | 115 (0.46) | |
| Diabetes only | 26 (0.04) | 6 (0.02) | |
| Hypertension and diabetes (without renal failure) | 78 (0.11) | 39 (0.15) | |
| Chronic renal failure | 10 (0.01) | 32 (0.13) | |
| Deprivation indexb | |||
| Q1 (lowest) | 204 (0.29) | 15 (0.06) | <0.01 |
| Q2 | 187 (0.27) | 21 (0.08) | |
| Q3 | 216 (0.31) | 15 (0.06) | |
| Q4 | 72 (0.10) | 98 (0.39) | |
| Q5 (highest) | 20 (0.03) | 103 (0.41) | |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 81 (0.12) | 69 (0.27) | <0.01 |
| High school graduate | 262 (0.37) | 72 (0.29) | |
| 1–3 years of college | 178 (0.25) | 78 (0.31) | |
| College graduate | 178 (0.25) | 33 (0.13) | |
| Vital status | |||
| Alive | 497 (71.1) | 163 (64.7) | 0.06 |
| Deceased | 202 (28.9) | 89 (35.3) | |
P value calculations do not include unknown values.
The deprivation index was developed using data from the 2000 U.S. census and includes the following variables: (1) the proportion of households with no vehicle available; (2) the proportion of households with no telephone available; (3) the proportion of the population 16 years of age and older that is unemployed; (4) the proportion of the population living in a crowded residence; and (5) the proportion of the population living below the poverty level. The first quintile (Q1) indicates a census tract with the lowest economic deprivation; 1.9% of households without a vehicle, 0.4% of households without a telephone, 2.5% unemployment, 0.9% over‐crowding, and 2.1% of the population living below the poverty level. The highest quintile (Q5) has 29.9% of households without a vehicle, 10.4% of households without a telephone, 22.5% unemployment, 9.5% over‐crowding, and 35.1% of the population living below the poverty level.