. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 2.

Published in final edited form as: Occup Environ Med. 2014 Mar 17;71(6):437–441. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101987

Table 3.

Logistic regression: association of urinary OH-PAH (ng/g creatinine)^* and diabetes mellitus by sociodemographic characteristics

Subgroups	Multivariable OR of diabetes mellitus (95% CI)
Subgroups	Summed urinary levels LMW PAH biomarkers	1-Hydroxypyrene
Gender^†
Female	1.2 (0.9 to 1.8)	1.0 (0.8 to 1.3)
Males	1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)	1.2 (1.0 to 1.5)
Race/ethnicity^†
Non-Hispanic White	1.4 (1.1 to 1.8)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)
Non-Hispanic Black	1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)	1.0 (0.7 to 1.4)
All others	1.5 (0.9 to 2.6)	1.4 (1.0 to 1.9)
Body mass index^‡
<30 kg/m²	1.2 (0.9 to 1.7)	1.2 (0.9 to 1.4)
≥30 kg/m²	1.4 (1.1 to 1.9)	1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)
Smoking^†
Never smokers	1.3 (1.0 to 1.7)	1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)
Former smokers	1.4 (1.0 to 2.1)	1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)
Current smokers	2.2 (1.1 to 4.5)	1.3 (0.9 to 1.9)

Data for the USA based on the National Health and Human Examination Survey, 2001–2006.

Urinary OH-PAH values used were log-transformed.

^†

Adjusted for age (years), sex (male, female), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, all others), poverty–income ratio (<1, ≥1), alcohol drinking (yes, no), BMI (normal, overweight, obese), total cholesterol (mg/dL) and serum cotinine (ng/mL), except for stratified variables.

^‡

Adjusted for age (years), sex (male, female), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, all others), poverty–income ratio (<1, ≥1), alcohol drinking (yes, no), BMI (kg/m²), total cholesterol (mg/dL) and serum cotinine (ng/mL), except for stratified variables.

BMI, body mass index; LMW, low molecular weight; OH-PAH, monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.