Table 8.

Use of flapless corticotomy to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in animals.

Author	Sample	Procedure	Duration of study	Results	Movement in experimental group (mm)	Movement in control group (mm)
Dibart et al. [55]	94 Sprague Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: control = 3, tooth movement = 21, piezocision = 35, and piezocision + tooth movement = 35	Flapless piezocision	56 days	Tooth movement accelerated 2-fold	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Ruso et al. [56]	6 dogs Split mouth design	Flapless piezocision and expansion with archwire	9 weeks followed by 2 weeks of consolidation	135% acceleration in tooth movement	21.9 ± 8.1°  P < 0.05	10.7±6°
Kim et al. [42]	10 dogs Control (n = 4), experimental (n = 6)	Flapless piezopuncture	6 weeks	Tooth movement accelerated 3.26- and 2.45-fold in maxilla and mandible, respectively	2.31 ± 0.82 P < 0.05  1.33 ± 0.28 P < 0.05	0.72 ± 0.06 in maxilla 0.51 ± 0.19 in mandible
Safavi et al. [59]	5 dogs Split mouth design	Flapless bur decortication	3 months	No significant difference in tooth movement	4.59 ± 2.45 P = 0.063	4.88 ± 1.93
Seifi et al. [58]	8 rabbits Split mouth design	Flapless (Er-Cr:YSGG) laserassisted corticotomy	21 days	1.77-fold acceleration in tooth movement	1.65 ± 0.34 P = 0.001	0.93 ± 0.28