Table 1.
Description of heat-shock protein in fungi based on molecular weight, cellular location, and their functions.
| Hsps | Molecular weight (kDa) | Cellular location | Cellular functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hsp8.5 | 8 | CyP | Ubiquitination | [57, 58] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp10 | 10 | M | Stabilize catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase-α and protein folding in mitochondria | [59, 60] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp12 | 10–20 | CyP, CW, PM | Stress tolerance, maintaining cell morphology, cell adhesion, and germ tube formation | [49, 61] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp17 | 10–20 | M | Membrane lipid bilayer stabilizer | [57] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp21 | 20–30 | CW, ER | Fungal adaptation in environmental stress and pathogenicity, glycerol and glycogen regulation, virulence factor in eukaryotic pathogens, and hyphal formation | [62, 63] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp26 | 20–30 | CyP | Induced in low pH conditions | [28, 64] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp27 | 20–30 | N, CyP | Cytoskeleton | [57] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp30 | 30 | PM | Regulates membrane function under heat shock conditions, negatively regulates H+ ATPase | [40] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp31 | 30 | ER | Growth under partial pressure conditions and act as molecular chaperone | [65] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp32 | 30 | CyP | Heme-oxygenase | [57, 63] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp40 | 40 | CyS, M, ER | Cell physiology and cofactor of Hsp70 | [66, 67] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp42 | 40 | CyS | Suppress the aggregation of nonnative protein | [68] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp60 | 60 | M, CyS | Immunological properties, upregulated in biotic and abiotic stress | [69–71] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp70 | 68 | CyS, N, ER, R, M | Initial folding of nascent polypeptide and ATPase activity | [34, 72, 73] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp78 | 70 | M | Mitochondrial thermotolerance and pressure tolerance | [73] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp80 | 80 | CyP | Interact with unfolded polypeptide individually or in complex | [73] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp82 | 80 | CyP | Pheromone signalling and negative regulation of Hsf1 | [73, 74] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp83 | 83 | CyS | Interaction with nascent chain polypeptide and signal transduction | [24] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp88 | 88 | CyS | Interact with Hsp30 | [75, 76] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp90 | 90 | CyS, ER, N | Folding and maintenance of client proteins, involved in transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes and activation of signal transducers | [72, 77] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp100 | 100 | CyS | Catalytic activity and protease with ATPase activity | [20] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp104 | 100 | CyS | Thermotolerance, survival at stationary phase, ethanol tolerance, reactivate denatured and aggregated proteins, and replication of yeast prions | [29, 78, 79] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp105 | 105 | N, CyP | Not reported | [57, 80] |
|
| ||||
| Hsp110 | 110 | N, CyP | Misfolding of polypeptide and hydrolyses of ATP | [57, 81, 82] |
CyP: cytoplasm; CyS: cytosol; M: mitochondria; PM: plasma membrane; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; N: nucleus.